[FRIAM] All hail confirmation bias!

[uǝlƃ ☣]

Our World Isn't Organized into Levels
https://philpapers.org/rec/POTOWI?ref=mail

> In my view, our adherence to the levels concept in the face of the systematic problems
> plaguing it amounts to a failure to recognize structure we’re imposing on the world, to instead
> mistake this as structure we are reading off the world. Attachment to the concept of levels of
> organization has, I think, contributed to underestimation of the complexity and variability
> of our world, including the significance of causal interaction across scales. This has also
> inhibited our ability to see limitations to our heuristic and to imagine other contrasting
> heuristics, heuristics that may bear more in common with what our world turns out to
> actually be like. Let’s at least entertain the possibility that the invocation of levels can
> mislead scientific and philosophical investigations more than it informs them. I suggest that
> the onus is on advocates of levels of organization to demonstrate the well-foundedness and
> usefulness of this concept.

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☣ uǝlƃ