<div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"> Turing Award<br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1px;float:left;width:219px;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:0px!important" dir="auto"><p style="line-height:1.3;margin:0.7em 0px;font-size:12px;font-family:'georgia',serif">Pradesh, India</p><h6 style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(230,126,41);outline:0px!important">EDUCATION:</h6><p style="line-height:1.3;margin:0.7em 0px;font-size:12px;font-family:'georgia',serif">B.S., Civil Engineering, Guindy College of Engineering, Madras, (Now Anna University, Chennai), India, 1958; MTech, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 1960; PhD Stanford University, 1966.</p><h6 style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(230,126,41);outline:0px!important">EXPERIENCE:</h6><p style="line-height:1.3;margin:0.7em 0px;font-size:12px;font-family:'georgia',serif">Applied Science Representative, IBM (Australia), Sydney, Australia, 1960 – 1963; Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Stanford University 1966 – 1969; Associate Professor Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University 1969 – 1973; Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University 1973 – 1984; University Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University; 1984 – present; Founding Director, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; 1980 – 1992; Dean, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 1991 – 1999; Herbert A. Simon University Professor of Computer Science and Robotics, Carnegie Mellon University, 1992 – 2005; Founding Director, Carnegie Mellon University West Coast Campus, Mountain View, California; 2001 – 2004; Mozah Bint Nasser University Professor of Computer Science and Robotics, Carnegie Mellon University, 2005 – present</p><h6 style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(230,126,41);outline:0px!important">HONORS AND AWARDS:</h6><p style="line-height:1.3;margin:0.7em 0px;font-size:12px;font-family:'georgia',serif">Fellow, Acoustical Society of America; Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE); Founding Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (now called the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, AAAI); Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Engineering; Foreign Fellow, Indian National Science Academy (INSA); Foreign Fellow, Indian National Academy of Engineering(INAE); Recipient, Legion d’Honneur, presented by President Mitterrand of France (1984); Member of the National Academy of Engineering (1984); President, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (now called the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, AAAI) (1987-1989); IBM Research Ralph Gomory Visiting Scholar Award (1991); Co-Recipient, Association for Computing Machinery Turing Award (jointly with Ed Feigenbaum) (1994); Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1995); Recipient, Padma Bhushan Award, presented by President of India (2001); Okawa Prize (2004); Honda Prize (2005); IJCAI Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award (2005); Vannevar Bush Award (2006); The IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award (2008); <span style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px!important;line-height:normal">inducted into </span><span style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px!important;line-height:normal">IEEE Intelligent Systems</span><span style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px!important;line-height:normal">' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems" (2011).</span></p><p style="line-height:1.3;margin:0.7em 0px;font-size:12px;font-family:'georgia',serif">Honorary Doctorates: Sri Venkateswara University, Henri Poincaré University, University of New South Wales, Jawaharlal Nehru Technology University, University of Massachusetts, University of Warwick, Anna University, Indian Institute for Information Technology (Allahabad), Andhra University, IIT Kharagpur, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</p></div><div style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(171,172,173);margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;padding:0px 0px 0px 39px;float:left;color:rgb(26,26,31);font-size:0.8em;width:640px;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;outline:0px!important" dir="auto"></div><strong style="font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Raj Reddy pioneered the construction of systems for recognizing continuous speech.</strong><span style="font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">He developed the first system, </span><em style="font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Hearsay I</em><span style="font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px">, capable of continuous speech recognition. In this system and subseq</span><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, May 4, 2019, 6:51 PM Russell Standish <<a href="mailto:lists@hpcoders.com.au" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lists@hpcoders.com.au</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On Sat, May 04, 2019 at 05:25:54PM -0700, glen∈ℂ wrote:<br>
> Right. But that's the point, I think. To what extent are semantics invariant across these supposed "levels"? My argument is that "levels" are figments of our imagination. The best we can say is that iteration constructs something that we find convenient to name: "level". But what reality is actually doing is mere aggregation and the meanings of the primitives are no different from the meanings of the aggregates.<br>
<br>
<br>
I don't think levels are just figments of imagination. Compression<br>
algorithms replace explicit descriptions with generative algorithms<br>
(like procedures of functions) that when called with appropriate<br>
parameters reproduce the original data. These generative descriptions<br>
have a tree-like structure, which is exactly the heirarchical<br>
structure you're after.<br>
<br>
Obviously, there is no unique compression algorithm, nor even a unique<br>
best algorithm. But I suspect that the best compression algorithms will probably<br>
agree up to an isomorphism on the heirarchical structure for most<br>
compressible data sets (note that this is already a set of measure<br>
zero in the space of all data sets :). I don't have any data for my<br>
hunch, though.<br>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Dr Russell Standish Phone 0425 253119 (mobile)<br>
Principal, High Performance Coders<br>
Visiting Senior Research Fellow <a href="mailto:hpcoder@hpcoders.com.au" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">hpcoder@hpcoders.com.au</a><br>
Economics, Kingston University <a href="http://www.hpcoders.com.au" rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.hpcoders.com.au</a><br>
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