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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Nicholas S. Thompson<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Biology<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Clark University<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><a href="http://home.earthlink.net/~nickthompson/naturaldesigns/"><span style='color:#0563C1'>http://home.earthlink.net/~nickthompson/naturaldesigns/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Friam [mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Steven A Smith<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 18, 2019 9:28 AM<br><b>To:</b> friam@redfish.com<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [FRIAM] flattening -isms<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 11/18/19 5:13 AM, Prof David West wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Nick said:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>"What struck me about them was how many of them held the view that reality was beyond experience: i.e., that our experience provided clues to reality, but the thing itself was beyond experience. I never could convince them that that their belief in a reality beyond experience had to be based on … experience. So, why not be monists, and talk about organizations of experience. Ultimately, it was their dualism that confirmed me in my monism."</span></i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>How about an assertion that there is <b><u>A</u></b> Reality beyond <b><u>"ordinary"</u></b> experience; with "ordinary experience" being the half-dozen or so overt sensory inputs (sight, sound, balance, touch, taste, smell) we typically associate with experience.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote><p>I generally accept Nunez/Lakoff's position/arguement in Where Mathematics Comes From:<o:p></o:p></p><p>from the Wikipedia article on this book:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p><i>Lakoff and Núñez hold that mathematics results from the human cognitive apparatus and must therefore be understood in cognitive terms. WMCF advocates (and includes some examples of) a cognitive idea analysis of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title=Mathematics>mathematics</a> which analyzes mathematical ideas in terms of the human experiences, metaphors, generalizations, and other cognitive mechanisms giving rise to them. A standard mathematical education does not develop such idea analysis techniques because it does not pursue considerations of A) what structures of the mind allow it to do mathematics or B) the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">philosophy of mathematics</a>. </i><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p>This point may well support Dave's hermeneutical position, though Lakoff/Nunez do assume that there is such a thing as a human body and that all humans roughly share the same physical/sensory/cognitive apparatus.<br>...<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The one cultural universal: every culture (obviously not every individual in every culture) incorporates a belief in the "supernatural." In all but, maybe, 2-3, cultures the "supernatural" includes an alternative realm of existence (pre- and/or after-life or "other planes." The, interpretations of this universal are multiple - pretty much one per culture/subculture.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote><p>And where does Joseph Campbell's notion of the Monomyth come in? Is it merely "widely found", or perhaps just "cherry picked" by Western Anthropology?<o:p></o:p></p><p>I am reminded of the Rick Strassman's research into entheogens, with DMT/Ayhuasca in particular. He seems to suggest/report that it is universal that people tripping on DMT will experience culturally specific interpretations (in the sense of your use of the term I think) of "another plane" and "alien beings" which could range from angels/demons harkening from heaven/hell to multidimensional alien beings and parallel existences.<o:p></o:p></p><p>- Steve<o:p></o:p></p><p><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>