<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Hi Stephen,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Was this somehow surprising to you?  Why were you interested in seeing this data?  </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Jun 7, 2020 at 11:50 AM Jon Zingale <<a href="mailto:jonzingale@gmail.com">jonzingale@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Stephen,<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br>Thanks for encouraging me to drop down a Wikipedia hole.<br>Somehow I was interested in this data found on the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" target="_blank"> Drone Strikes in Pakistan</a> page:<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><p style="margin:0.5em 0px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Investigative_Journalism" title="Bureau of Investigative Journalism" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Bureau of Investigative Journalism</a> estimates the following cumulative statistics about U.S. drone strikes (as of 17 September 2017):<sup id="gmail-m_325743179632323996gmail-cite_ref-BOIJ_20-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan#cite_note-BOIJ-20" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">[20]</a></sup></p><ul style="margin:0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em;padding:0px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px"><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Total strikes: 429</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Total killed: 2,514 – 4,023</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Civilians killed: 424 – 969</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Children killed: 172 – 207</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Injured: 1,162 – 1,749</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Strikes under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Bush Administration</a>: 51</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Strikes under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_Administration" title="Obama Administration" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Obama Administration</a>: 373</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">Strikes under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Trump Administration</a>: 5</li><li style="margin-bottom:0.1em">84 of the 2,379 dead have been identified as members of al-Qaeda<sup id="gmail-m_325743179632323996gmail-cite_ref-60" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan#cite_note-60" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">[60]</a></sup></li></ul><p style="margin:0.5em 0px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px">A formerly classified Pakistani government report obtained in July 2013 by the BIJ shows details of 75 drone strikes that occurred between 2006–09. According to the 12-page report, in this period, 176 of the 746 reported dead were civilians.<sup id="gmail-m_325743179632323996gmail-cite_ref-61" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan#cite_note-61" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">[61]</a></sup> According to the Long War Journal, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, and the New America Foundation, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 had some of the highest <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_casualty_ratio" title="Civilian casualty ratio" style="color:rgb(11,0,128);background-image:none;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">civilian casualty ratios</a> of any years.</p></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Merle Lefkoff, Ph.D.<br>President, Center for Emergent Diplomacy<br><a href="http://emergentdiplomacy.org" target="_blank">emergentdiplomacy.org</a></div><div>Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA</div><div></div><div><a href="mailto:merlelefoff@gmail.com" target="_blank">merlelefkoff@gmail.com</a><br>mobile:  (303) 859-5609<br>skype:  merle.lelfkoff2<br></div><div>twitter: @Merle_Lefkoff<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>