<div dir="auto">Nick, you are correct in saying that causation is a relation between events. The most useful definition of causation that we found in our statistical causal reasoning research (viz Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines) was event A is a cause of event B if the occurrence of A is followed by a change in the probability density over the possible values of B. Modulo obsessional tweaking.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Frank<br><br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="auto">---<br>Frank C. Wimberly<br>140 Calle Ojo Feliz, <br>Santa Fe, NM 87505<br><br>505 670-9918<br>Santa Fe, NM</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Jul 20, 2020, 1:39 PM <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
Nick (to Jon)<br>
Re Gen Phen: That's the Whole Point, here. There are two different<br>
distinctions, here, one apparently arising form computation (?) and one<br>
arising from biology. Glen originally mentioned a GENerator/ PHENomenon<br>
distinction which seems to be the broader of the two and does not forbid<br>
downward causation. More recently we have been talking about the<br>
GENotype/PHENotype distinction which is narrower and does -<br>
historically-forbid downward causation. So, I think we need to spell the<br>
words out completely from now on, so we know which game we are playing. <br>
<br>
Your reference to language games raises the question of what sort of "game"<br>
are we playing when we talk about causation. One rule of that game, I<br>
think, which I may have violated myself in this discussion, is that things<br>
cannot cause things. Only events can cause events. The reason is that the<br>
notion of cause involves temporal order and things (as opposed to the<br>
arrival of things or the placement of things or the removal things) cannot<br>
be in a temporal order. I am wondering if adherence to this discipline<br>
might make the whole problem of downward causation disappear? So, the<br>
addition of the 5th stick (an event) to previous four sticks CAUSES the<br>
other 4 sticks not to rotate (an event) and CAUSES the structure to be<br>
strong (another event). Notice that this formulation appears to forbid us<br>
to say that the constraints on the rotation of the other four sticks<br>
provided by the fifth stick CAUSES the strengthening of the structure<br>
because those two events are temporally inextricable. What IS the relation<br>
between those two facts if not a causal one? I think I would argue that<br>
it's a constitutive relation; ie, the rotational constraints constitute the<br>
greater strength of the square with the fifth stick. <br>
<br>
Nick<br>
<a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</a><br>
<a href="https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</a><br>
<br>
Jon to Nick <br>
<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Friam <<a href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>> On Behalf Of Jon Zingale<br>
Sent: Monday, July 20, 2020 11:07 AM<br>
To: <a href="mailto:friam@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam@redfish.com</a><br>
Subject: Re: [FRIAM] better simulating actual FriAM<br>
<br>
Maybe I am misremembering (which clearly happens), but didn't the discussion<br>
of gen-phen-like maps arise in the context of goal-function distinctions? In<br>
this latter class, we included the thermostat system where constraining<br>
systems to Weismann's doctrine would not be meaningful. Clearly, in the<br>
goal-function system, an individual that changes the thermostat dial because<br>
they prefer the house to be at 60 degrees rather than 80 degrees (a<br>
variation on function) performs downwardly to affect the tolerance of the<br>
piece of metal or mercury switch (a variation on goal). Are we breaking the<br>
semantic game by now demanding that our admissable gen-phen-like maps<br>
preserve Weismann's doctrine? I understood Glen's evocation to not be so<br>
constrained.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
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