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    <p>Nick -</p>
    <p>FYI, Mary just found 6 *brown* eggs in the (almost) closed off
      section of our coop intended to *become* the nesting boxes for our
      chickens...  apparently they were able to "squeeze in" and lay
      their eggs.   These our very first eggs from these hens... 6 eggs
      from 8 hens... possibly not all layed in the last 24 hours...  but
      maybe.   So in this case, brown eggs are *ultra* local and for
      sure, fresher than those even collected from the myriad
      egg-factories in NM.    We had 3 this morning for breakfast and
      they were not just "fresh" but "rich" (they free range in our
      courtyard where along with eating any tender shoot that might to
      come up, they also get a lot of insects).</p>
    <p>I still contend that what you are calling epiphenomena is
      primarily a reflection of our ignorance... correlations and
      causations which are secondary or tertiary or n-ary to what we are
      measuring or are focused on.   I think the "epi" in epiphenoma is
      an artifact of the observer in a much stronger sense than a
      phenomenon of the system.  I brought up *epi*systems before,
      mostly in the context of *engineered* systems.    An electric
      starter motor on an automobile (or perhaps a "pony engine" on a
      Dozer or other giant yellow dirt-moving diesel-powered machine) is
      there for the epi-purpose of getting the main engine turning over
      to generate the necessary fuel-mixture-flow and compression to get
      it started.   In principle (with a manual transmission and now
      clutch-lockout-switch) one can use their electric motor to move
      their vehicle.  My parents, in fact did this once when I was very
      young with their VW pickup, moving over the crest of a hill so
      that they could coast it back into town to the VW mechanic that
      had just done service on it and caused some unexpected problem (my
      father was in no way a mechanic).  <br>
    </p>
    <p>Or maybe I'm just not open-minded enough or reading this thread
      carefully enough.   Can you (or anyone else?) refute or frame my
      assertion about the *epi* prefix?</p>
    <p>- Steve<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 8/17/20 9:23 AM,
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a> wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
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        <p class="MsoNormal">Dave, <o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal">In all the years of dealing with you
          wizards, I have never heard of that taxonomy before.  Can you
          direct me to a child-level introduction to it? <o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="quotationChar">for those not
            familiar with computing, there are seven different types of
            "cohesion" and eight types of "coupling." Communicational
            coupling is one of the eight</span><span
            style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Nick<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Nicholas
Thompson                                                                                                                                       
            <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Emeritus Professor of Ethology and
            Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Clark University<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com"
              moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><a
              href="https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/"
              moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Friam
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"><friam-bounces@redfish.com></a> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Prof
              David West<br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 17, 2020 7:59 AM<br>
              <b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:friam@redfish.com">friam@redfish.com</a><br>
              <b>Subject:</b> Re: [FRIAM] "Brown eggs are local eggs and
              local eggs are FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">What
              prompted me to tell the story was another account of a
              convoluted and complicated reproductive cycle — the sheep
              tick nematode. It seems like a single, multi-step, process
              with each step highly cohesive and therefore appearing
              somewhat autonomous, but the sequence being, at minimum,
              communicationally coupled.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">BTW — for
              those not familiar with computing, there are seven
              different types of "cohesion" and eight types of
              "coupling." Communicational coupling is one of the eight.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">davew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">On Mon, Aug 17, 2020, at 6:17 AM, David
            Eric Smith wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <blockquote
          style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;overflow-wrap:break-word"
          id="qt">
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">Dave, hi,<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">Your description is very close to the
              original description by Conrad Waddington for the process
              he terms “canalization”.<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">I haven’t read a ton of this stuff, but
              I believe the first paper (also about birds, but this time
              ostriches), was:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  author = "Waddington, C.~H.",<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  title = "Canalization of
                development and the inheritance of<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">           acquired characters",<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  journal = "Nature",<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  volume = "150",<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  pages = "563--565",<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">  year = "1942"<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">I expect, however, that Nick and EricC
              read all this stuff in the crib, because they have read
              and written a lot on evolution.  But in any case, it gives
              a concrete point of departure.<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">Eric<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
              </div>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal">On Aug 17, 2020, at 12:52 PM,
                    Prof David West <<a
                      href="mailto:profwest@fastmail.fm"
                      moz-do-not-send="true">profwest@fastmail.fm</a>>
                    wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Silly
                        question / story – about doves not chickens.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I
                        gave the dove, like all my creatures, a command
                        to be fruitful and multiply. But I know my dove
                        well, and both the he and she of dovedom tend to
                        be a bit forgetful, even careless. It seemed to
                        me that they would need some kind of reminder to
                        sit on any eggs they produce but they seldom had
                        access to an alarm clock or appointment book.
                        Aha, said I, realizing a cute trick. A simple
                        tweak of the hormonal system, a system that
                        already has timing elements, will generate an
                        itchy breast that can be soothed by sitting on
                        the eggs. Of course, I will need to make sure an
                        egg is sat upon and not a smooth river rock, and
                        I want the itch to recede after an appropriate
                        time interval, so I will have the dove secrete a
                        substance that will bond with an element of the
                        chemical structure on an egg shell and that
                        reaction will require the necessary egg-sitting
                        interval to complete and sooth the dove-breast
                        until the hormonal system next secretes the
                        substance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">One
                        process, not two that are somehow related
                        "epiphemomon-ologically." If this is my theory,
                        might I, if I were an ethologist, construct an
                        experiment to confirm/deny it?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I
                        think this kind of approach to
                        constructing/confirming a theory would end up
                        making Occam happier than the approach discussed
                        on the list and at last Friday's vFRIAM.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">davew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">On
                        Sun, Aug 16, 2020, at 12:10 PM, <a
                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a><span
                          class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote
style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;-moz-text-size-adjust:auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-thickness:auto;word-spacing:0px"
                    id="qt-qt">
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Well,  yes.  But is that
                          necessary to expose the fundamental problem? 
                          (Not a rhetorical question, I promise.)  In my
                          presentation of the problem I have tried to
                          reduce it to “one level”, I.e, one color of
                          spheres co=related to one size.  Put in red
                          (large) and yellow (small) spheres into the
                          top and get small yellow spheres out the
                          bottom.  That there are four
                          levels/sizes/colors is just gravy, isn’t it? 
                          Eye candy?<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Nick<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Nicholas Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Emeritus Professor of
                          Ethology and Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Clark University<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                            href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,sAJ5X6gwlypmzWnIFta7lfEOwtl84TnaopXd0_ZM2xzyUFZGIj4Elm0XsO-Dpg4SYprJciL4MPtw0Fy2CFEtyzWcr9j6iS_l77IhXVe7SIK83DmAGOt-Rzztpi2y&typo=1"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
                        1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in
0in;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-left-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                        <p class="qt-qt-msonormal" style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
                              class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Friam
                              <<a
                                href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"
                                moz-do-not-send="true">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>><span
                                class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
                                Behalf Of<span
                                  class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Frank
                              Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span
                              class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sunday,
                              August 16, 2020 11:14 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span
                              class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">The
                              Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee
                              Group <<a
                                href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
                                moz-do-not-send="true">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span
                              class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Re:
                              [FRIAM] "Brown eggs are local eggs and
                              local eggs are FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                              style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in">So,
                          your homework is to give a conditional
                          independence relationship that describes the
                          reality.  Maybe level is the third variable.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <div>
                          <p class="qt-qt-msonormal" style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">---<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Frank
                                C. Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">140
                                Calle Ojo Feliz,<span
                                  class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                Fe, NM 87505<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">505
                                670-9918<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                Fe, NM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Aug 16, 2020,
                              10:58 AM <<a
                                href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
                                moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                              wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                        <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                          #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;border-top-color:currentcolor;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">No. Sorry.  The
                                  shape/size thing is a confusion that
                                  got introduced early in the discussion
                                  because Jon’s toy was different from
                                  Sober’s Toy.  Jon’s toy sorted for
                                  shape; Sober’s for size.  So, forget
                                  shape.  We are just talking about size
                                  and color. (See attached
                                  illustration). <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Now, imagine that
                                  we put a shroud around the toy so we
                                  cannot see into it.  We put spheres,
                                  mixed by size and color into the top
                                  and shake it. (Remember that yellow
                                  balls are the smallest, green balls
                                  the next size up, etc.)  Lo and
                                  behold, all the small yellow balls end
                                  up at the bottom.    In the shrouded
                                  version, nothing tells us whether the
                                  machine is sorting for size and giving
                                  us color or sorting for color and
                                  giving us size, right?  It’s the
                                  golden goose problem.  Is the goose
                                  good at finding flecks of gold in the
                                  barnyard or does the goose contain a
                                  huge store of gold inside her. 
                                  Statistically, it doesn’t make any
                                  difference, but if you are thinking of
                                  killing the goose for the gold, you
                                  better the hell know which kind of
                                  goose you got. <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Nick<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Nicholas Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Emeritus Professor
                                  of Ethology and Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Clark University<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                                    href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                      class="qt-"><span
                                        style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,za-PiqhLDdWulm_KaaTclQSqvfoYqgAFzubAS8T1j2E_OaU8ORA7ZMzqkDP3A-6q_j0DJzsev8xq7nl0zzZE_CHrywHKoaIEkoRHivOGfsMj&typo=1"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                      class="qt-"><span
                                        style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div style="border:none;border-top:solid
                                #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in
0in;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-left-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                  style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
                                      class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Friam
                                      <<a
                                        href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>><span
                                        class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
                                        Behalf Of<span
                                          class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Frank
                                      Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span
                                      class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sunday,
                                      August 16, 2020 10:28 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span
                                      class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">The
                                      Friday Morning Applied Complexity
                                      Coffee Group <<a
                                        href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span
                                      class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Re:
                                      [FRIAM] "Brown eggs are local eggs
                                      and local eggs are FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                      style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in">What
                                  it sounds like you're saying is color
                                  is independent of shape given size?<o:p></o:p></p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                    style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">---<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Frank
                                        C. Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">140
                                        Calle Ojo Feliz,<span
                                          class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                        Fe, NM 87505<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">505
                                        670-9918<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                        Fe, NM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Aug 16,
                                      2020, 9:56 AM <<a
                                        href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                      wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote
                                  style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                  #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;border-top-color:currentcolor;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Frank<o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Doesn’t
                                          covariance beg the question of
                                          causality?  Put another way,
                                          mathematics doesn’t care how
                                          the small spheres come to be
                                          yellow.  Imagine an opaque
                                          “epiphenomenator” so far as
                                          the math is concerned it could
                                          as well be true that smallness
                                          is getting a free ride on
                                          yellowness as that yellowness
                                          is getting a free ride on
                                          smallness. <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Thanks,
                                          again, for helping me think
                                          about this.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">N<o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Nicholas
                                          Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Emeritus
                                          Professor of Ethology and
                                          Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Clark
                                          University<o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                                            href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                              class="qt-"><span
                                                style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,xnOrv74Lzh-6J1q59hDzFa1EIwdGF5fO_ELcc5Ar9d42v8O0tq1NwOXTkLtqxpvjQJLRb2_X9hxi8ynmgrsnl8FNdCkAX-Z7mxfXuf-4ElUONIXQPCat&typo=1"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                              class="qt-"><span
                                                style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div
                                        style="border:none;border-top:solid
                                        #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in
                                        0in
0in;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-left-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                        <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                          style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Friam
                                              <<a
                                                href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>><span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span
                                                  class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Frank
                                              Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sunday,
                                              August 16, 2020 7:51 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">The
                                              Friday Morning Applied
                                              Complexity Coffee Group
                                              <<a
                                                href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Re:
                                              [FRIAM] "Brown eggs are
                                              local eggs and local eggs
                                              are FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in">Good
                                          choice.  Our statistical
                                          causal reasoning algorithms
                                          were based on conditional
                                          independence relations (is A
                                          independent of B given C)
                                          which are tested using
                                          covariance statistics.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                            style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">---<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Frank
                                                C. Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">140
                                                Calle Ojo Feliz,<span
                                                  class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                                Fe, NM 87505<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">505
                                                670-9918<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                                Fe, N<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal">On Sat,
                                              Aug 15, 2020, 11:32 PM
                                              David Eric Smith <<a
                                                href="mailto:desmith@santafe.edu"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">desmith@santafe.edu</a>>
                                              wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <blockquote
                                          style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                          #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in
                                          0in
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;border-top-color:currentcolor;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">“Covariance”
                                                is the term I see
                                                universally used in
                                                population genetics.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal">If
                                                  one is disappointed at
                                                  merely using the
                                                  mathematical label for
                                                  the only relation that
                                                  ever appears in the
                                                  mathematics, then the
                                                  question arises what
                                                  else one wants from a
                                                  categorization, if the
                                                  categorization will
                                                  always be quarantined
                                                  outside the math that
                                                  carries the
                                                  consequences.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal">We
                                                  had this discussion
                                                  for “interpretations
                                                  of quantum mechanics”,
                                                  and because Jon had
                                                  some reasonable things
                                                  to say about what one
                                                  does want from such an
                                                  interpretation, it
                                                  seems appropriate to
                                                  ask whether similar
                                                  contributions should
                                                  be sought here.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal">Eric<o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <blockquote
                                                    style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">On
                                                          Aug 16, 2020,
                                                          at 2:23 PM,
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Frank, <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Well,
                                                          yes,
                                                          precisely. 
                                                          And what would
                                                          you call that
                                                          relation? 
                                                          It’s a very
                                                          common
                                                          relation, but
                                                          I don’t seem
                                                          to have a very
                                                          good name for
                                                          it. <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nick <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nicholas
                                                          Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Emeritus
                                                          Professor of
                                                          Ethology and
                                                          Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Clark
                                                          University<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          class="qt-"><span
style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,-XvvP7UQfTHLobknPzMP5r8sAfPOcnSiIH41MKyXIRnSha8tQabypuYpGtyJyuUrQ43mq5ul35krcYjQf9OGxU-TIT0otdUjvcSPqcuYnNFluqTJVHRoEp64TEFQ&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                                          style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div
                                                          style="border:none;border-top:solid
                                                          #E1E1E1
                                                          1.0pt;padding:3.0pt
                                                          0in 0in
0in;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-left-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Friam
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>> <b>On
                                                          Behalf Of </b>Frank
                                                          Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Saturday,
                                                          August 15,
                                                          2020 10:29 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> The
                                                          Friday Morning
                                                          Applied
                                                          Complexity
                                                          Coffee Group
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Re:
                                                          [FRIAM] "Brown
                                                          eggs are local
                                                          eggs and local
                                                          eggs are
                                                          FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nick,<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          toy seems to
                                                          me to
                                                          illustrate
                                                          that one
                                                          variable can
                                                          be causally
                                                          related to
                                                          another
                                                          (selected) and
                                                          correlated to
                                                          a third which
                                                          is not
                                                          causally
                                                          connected to
                                                          the third.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Or
                                                          something like
                                                          that.  Am I
                                                          close?<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in">Frank<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">---<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Frank
                                                          C. Wimberly<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">140
                                                          Calle Ojo
                                                          Feliz, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                                          Fe, NM 87505<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">505
                                                          670-9918<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Santa
                                                          Fe, NM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">On
                                                          Sat, Aug 15,
                                                          2020, 10:04 PM
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                                          #CCCCCC
                                                          1.0pt;padding:0in
                                                          0in 0in
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;border-top-color:currentcolor;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Hi,
                                                          Eric, <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nobody
                                                          should treat
                                                          my thoughts
                                                          concerning
                                                          epiphenomena,
                                                          intension,
                                                          extension,
                                                          etc. as
                                                          anything more
                                                          than vaguely
                                                          informed
                                                          explorations. 
                                                          But you know
                                                          that.   I have
                                                          struggled for
                                                          years to
                                                          understand
                                                          what my
                                                          colleagues
                                                          mean by these
                                                          terms and they
                                                          constantly
                                                          necker-cube
                                                          for me, so to
                                                          the extent
                                                          that I  cannot
                                                          usually be
                                                           relied to
                                                          know what I am
                                                          talking about,
                                                          this is a
                                                          particularly
                                                          dangerous area
                                                          for me.  In
                                                          particular, I
                                                          don’t think
                                                          Sober uses the
                                                          term,
                                                          “epiphenomenon”,
                                                          in his book,
                                                          so I would not
                                                          like to have
                                                          my
                                                          understanding
                                                          of the term
                                                          scraped off on
                                                          him.  Calling
                                                          it the device
                                                          (see
                                                          attachment)
                                                          the Sober
                                                          Epiphenomenator
                                                          is probably
                                                          all on me.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">My
                                                          colleagues
                                                          have warned me
                                                          away from
                                                          poking at this
                                                          dungheap, but
                                                          I am
                                                          fascinated by
                                                          it.  It just
                                                          seems to me
                                                          that
                                                          underlying all
                                                          this mess is a
                                                          pretty simple
                                                          idea, and I
                                                          would like to
                                                          clear it up,
                                                          if only for
                                                          myself.  And
                                                          it further
                                                          seems to me
                                                          that the Sober
                                                          device, in its
                                                          childlike
                                                          simplity,
                                                          might be a
                                                          good place to
                                                          start.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">I
                                                          look forward
                                                          to considering
                                                          your economic
                                                          example to see
                                                          if it fits the
                                                          template, if
                                                          there is a
                                                          template.    <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nick <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nicholas
                                                          Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Emeritus
                                                          Professor of
                                                          Ethology and
                                                          Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Clark
                                                          University<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          class="qt-"><span
style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,PonvMB4fyRuVaaC2-W3oNqsyfAjTDa4rmfxhitGmQxJ-XHhde5J0t-oy1qTjj4FzZ-MNWu6TyVI6VMj6oS1bhnLzpPm5qT7evjTEDNDqYStS6PyAt-Qjm7s-WQ,,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                                          style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="border:none;border-top:solid
                                                          #E1E1E1
                                                          1.0pt;padding:3.0pt
                                                          0in 0in
0in;border-right-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-left-color:currentcolor;border-image-outset:0;border-image-repeat:stretch;border-image-slice:100%;border-image-source:none;border-image-width:1">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Friam
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>> <b>On
                                                          Behalf Of </b>David
                                                          Eric Smith<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Sent:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Saturday,
                                                          August 15,
                                                          2020 9:30 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">To:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> The
                                                          Friday Morning
                                                          Applied
                                                          Complexity
                                                          Coffee Group
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Subject:</span></b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"> Re:
                                                          [FRIAM] "Brown
                                                          eggs are local
                                                          eggs and local
                                                          eggs are
                                                          FRESH!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">It
                                                          is so
                                                          interesting
                                                          that, just as
                                                          in the earlier
                                                          discussions of
                                                          emergence and
                                                          probably
                                                          others, Nick
                                                          uses the word
“epiphenomenal” in ways it would never occur to me to use it, and as far
                                                          as I can tell
                                                          quite
                                                          exclusive of
                                                          the only way
                                                          it did ever
                                                          occur to me to
                                                          use it.  I
                                                          guess DS
                                                          Wilson (or
                                                          Elliot Sober?)
                                                          uses it the
                                                          same way as
                                                          Nick is using
                                                          it, and I
                                                          never looked
                                                          up what was
                                                          the canonical
                                                          usage.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">But
                                                          anyway…<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">I
                                                          had always
                                                          used the term
                                                          in reference
                                                          to
                                                          neoclassical
                                                          economics (NE)
                                                          and its
                                                          treatment of
                                                          preferences
                                                          and
                                                          institutions. 
                                                          I had always
                                                          said that NE
                                                          treated
                                                          institutions
                                                          as
                                                          epiphenomena
                                                          of
                                                          preferences. 
                                                          By which I
                                                          mean the
                                                          following:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">1.
                                                          Even
                                                          economists
                                                          can’t simply
                                                          pretend
                                                          institutions
                                                          don’t exist.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">2.
                                                          However,
                                                          Arrow, Debreu,
                                                          and McKenzie
                                                          proved lovely
                                                          existence
                                                          theorems for
                                                          optimal
                                                          allocations
                                                          from the
                                                          competition of
                                                          individual
                                                          preferences,
                                                          and the
                                                          economists
                                                          really really
                                                          insist on
                                                          remaining in
                                                          the Garden of
                                                          Eden of those
                                                          existence
                                                          proofs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">What
                                                          to do?<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">3.
                                                          Acknowledge
                                                          that all these
                                                          names and
                                                          descriptions
                                                          of
                                                          institutions
                                                          do really
                                                          point at
                                                          things-in-the-world,
                                                          but declare
                                                          that
                                                          economically
                                                          those things
                                                          don’t actually
                                                          do any work or
                                                          mean
                                                          anything. 
                                                          They are like
                                                          constellations
                                                          in the sky;
                                                          patterns that
                                                          can be seen
                                                          from certain
                                                          angles, as one
                                                          looks at the
                                                          _actual_ basis
                                                          for economic
                                                          behavior,
                                                          which is
                                                          individual
                                                          preferences.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">That
                                                          was what I had
                                                          thought was
                                                          captured in
                                                          the
                                                          characterization
“epiphenomenal”.  But clearly I am using it as something of a
                                                          gesture-word,
                                                          and not
                                                          something for
                                                          which I am
                                                          building a
                                                          strict formal
                                                          logic.  It is
                                                          more an
                                                          attempt to
                                                          explain the
                                                          patterns of
                                                          choices and
                                                          work by a
                                                          group of
                                                          people, and to
                                                          impute a state
                                                          of mind to
                                                          them to
                                                          explain those
                                                          choices.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          alternative to
                                                          institutions
                                                          as
                                                          “epiphenomena”
                                                          of preferences
                                                          would be
                                                          institutions
                                                          that not only
                                                          exist as
                                                          patterns to be
                                                          named, but as
                                                          real things in
                                                          the world that
                                                          do essential
                                                          work in
                                                          determining
                                                          what happens. 
                                                          They govern
                                                          what actions
                                                          are available
                                                          to us, what
                                                          knowledge we
                                                          have to act
                                                          on, what power
                                                          or authority
                                                          or roles, and
                                                          on and on. 
                                                          They define
                                                          signaling
                                                          systems
                                                          (monetary
                                                          units and
                                                          physical
                                                          monies,
                                                          ownership
                                                          claims, etc.)
                                                          and provide
                                                          the channels
                                                          on which the
                                                          signals are
                                                          transmitted
                                                          (contract law,
                                                          taxation,
                                                          etc.), and
                                                          thus are the
                                                          framework to
                                                          operationally
                                                          coordinate
                                                          pretty-much
                                                          everything we
                                                          think of as
                                                          constituting
                                                          economic
                                                          life.  Without
                                                          them we would
                                                          not have raw,
                                                          competing
                                                          complete
                                                          preferences;
                                                          we would
                                                          largely cease
                                                          to exist as
                                                          economic
                                                          agents.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          usage isn’t
                                                          entirely
                                                          unlike Nick’s
semiotic/intensional-extensional contrasts, but it seems to differ in
                                                          the sense
                                                          that, when I
                                                          say the NE
                                                          guys treat
                                                          institutions
                                                          as
                                                          epiphenomena
                                                          of
                                                          preferences,
                                                          the work that
                                                          they want done
                                                          would be the
                                                          same whether
                                                          done by
                                                          preferences or
                                                          by
                                                          institutions. 
                                                          So if they
                                                          were to think
                                                          of
                                                          institutions
                                                          as mattering,
                                                          those would be
                                                          contributing
                                                          part of the
                                                          mechanics of
                                                          choice then
                                                          not carried by
                                                          preferences,
                                                          whereas if
                                                          they are
                                                          epiphenomena
                                                          they are like
                                                          a kind of
                                                          transparent
                                                          window that
                                                          preferences
                                                          can be seen
                                                          through, while
                                                          the
                                                          preferences
                                                          carry all the
                                                          weight.  Kind
                                                          of like the
                                                          bulk
                                                          magnetization
                                                          in a
                                                          ferromagnet is
                                                          not a
                                                          “different”
                                                          thing that
                                                          “supervenes”
                                                          on all the
                                                          microscopic
                                                          magnetic
                                                          moments and
                                                          forces them
                                                          into
                                                          coordination:
                                                          rather the
                                                          bulk
                                                          magnetization
                                                          is nothing
                                                          more than a
                                                          summary
                                                          statistic for
                                                          the
                                                          microscopic
                                                          magnetizations,
                                                          and really and
                                                          truly
                                                          _nothing_ more
                                                          or less than
                                                          the aggregate
                                                          of them, and
                                                          hence an
                                                          epiphenomenon
                                                          of
                                                          them-all-taken-together.
                                                          In contrast,
                                                          all of Nick’s
                                                          epiphenomena
                                                          are actual,
                                                          independent,
                                                          real
                                                          properties,
                                                          and the
                                                          discussion
                                                          then branches
                                                          off in a
                                                          different
                                                          direction of
                                                          who or what
                                                          does or
                                                          doesn’t
                                                          consider them
consequential.  That to me seems more of a contrast of salient vs.
                                                          ancillary
                                                          actual
                                                          properties,
                                                          rather than
                                                          fundamental
                                                          versus epi or
                                                          purely
                                                          apparitional
                                                          phenomena.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">But
                                                          who knows.  I
                                                          guess it
                                                          depends on
                                                          what problem
                                                          you want to
                                                          solve, what
                                                          count as
                                                          useful
                                                          categorizations.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Eric<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">On
                                                          Aug 16, 2020,
                                                          at 6:40 AM,
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          quote in the
                                                          subject line
                                                          was (is?) a
                                                          slogan that
                                                          Massachusetts
                                                          egg farmers
                                                          offered in
                                                          Massachusetts
                                                          shoppers
                                                          trying to get
                                                          them to buy
                                                          their eggs. It
                                                          came with a
                                                          ditty which,
                                                          if you call me
                                                          up, I will
                                                          happily sing
                                                          for you.   The
                                                          back story is
                                                          that the
                                                          factory egg
                                                          producers in
                                                          neighboring NY
                                                          used chickens
                                                          that produced
                                                          white eggs. 
                                                          Like as not,
                                                          if you were
                                                          eating a white
                                                          egg in MA you
                                                          were eating an
                                                          egg that had
                                                          been shipped
                                                          in from NY,
                                                          hence longer
                                                          in transit. 
                                                          So, if the
                                                          campaign were
                                                          successful,
                                                          shoppers would
                                                          seek out brown
                                                          eggs because
                                                          of their
                                                          color. 
                                                          Brownness in 
                                                          eggs would be
                                                          their cue for
                                                          purchase. If
                                                          the campaign
                                                          worked, the
                                                          freshness
                                                          would become
                                                          epiphenonmenal
                                                          with respect
                                                          to their
                                                          selection
                                                          criteria. 
                                                          From the point
                                                          of view of
                                                          Massachusetts
                                                          egg-producers,
                                                          the brownness
                                                          of the eggs
                                                          was
                                                          epiphenomenal. 
                                                          All they cared
                                                          about is
                                                          whether the
                                                          eggs sold in
                                                          MA were from
                                                          MA This would
                                                          of course
                                                          break down if
                                                          NY farmers
                                                          started using
                                                          chickens that
                                                          laid brown
                                                          eggs or
                                                          Massachusetts
                                                          farmers
                                                          started
                                                          storing eggs
                                                          before
                                                          shipping
                                                          them.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">At
                                                          Friday’s
                                                          meeting, my
                                                          mentors urged
                                                          me to get off
                                                          the
                                                          “epiphenomenon”
                                                          kick.  I
                                                          suppose I
                                                          could instead
                                                          use the
                                                          language of
                                                          semeiotics. 
                                                          [Pause for
                                                          moaning in the
                                                          distance.]  In
                                                          this case we
                                                          could say that
                                                          the producers
                                                          were trying to
                                                          make brownness
                                                          a sign of
                                                          value in
                                                          eggs.  This
                                                          works for two
                                                          quite distinct
                                                          reasons:  it
                                                          works for the
                                                          consumer
                                                          because the
                                                          brown is a
                                                          sign of local
                                                          and local is a
                                                          sign of fresh;
                                                          it works for
                                                          the producers
                                                          because brown
                                                          is a sign of
                                                          eggs that come
                                                          from their
                                                          farms.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Instead
                                                          of semiotic
                                                          language, we
                                                          could use the
                                                          language of
                                                          intension and
                                                          extension. 
                                                          [More
                                                          anguished
                                                          groans] The
                                                          marketing
                                                          campaign
                                                          works  because
                                                          although the
                                                          intensions of
                                                          the choices of
                                                          the two agents
                                                          are different,
                                                          these
                                                          intensions are
                                                          both part of
                                                          the extension
                                                          of brown eggs
                                                          in
                                                          Massachusetts.  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Note
                                                          also that the
                                                          slogan is an
                                                          example of
                                                          powers and
                                                          perils of
                                                          abduction. 
                                                          The sloganeer
                                                          first abduces
                                                          that brown
                                                          eggs are local
                                                          and from that
                                                          category
                                                          (local eggs)
                                                          deduces that
                                                          the eggs are
                                                          fresh.  The
                                                          two steps in
                                                          the
                                                          abduction/deduction
                                                          process are <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin-left:.5in">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          class="font"><b><i><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">These eggs are
                                                          brown; local
                                                          eggs are
                                                          brown; these
                                                          eggs are
                                                          local;</span></i></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin-left:.5in">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          class="font"><b><i><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Local eggs are
                                                          fresh; these
                                                          [brown] eggs
                                                          are local;
                                                          these [brown]
                                                          eggs are
                                                          fresh.  </span></i></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          point (to me)
                                                          is that there
                                                          is a very
                                                          simple thread
                                                          underlying all
                                                          of these ways
                                                          of talking
                                                          about natural
                                                          selection
                                                          phenomena. 
                                                          Could all this
                                                          baroque
                                                          verbiage be
                                                          reduced to a
                                                          simple
                                                          formula?  <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Years
                                                          ago I wrote a<a
href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239787151_A_system_for_describing_bird_song_units"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                                          style="color:#0563C1"> paper</span></span></a> that
                                                          reduced the
                                                          terminology of
                                                          bird song down
                                                          to three
                                                          operations and
                                                          5 levels of
                                                          organization. 
                                                          In short, the
                                                          paper showed
                                                          that while 
                                                          scientists had
                                                          been using
                                                          several dozen
                                                          terms, they
                                                          had, along,
                                                          only been
                                                          talking about
                                                          three
                                                          different
                                                          sorts of
                                                          thing.  That
                                                          is the sort of
                                                          reduction I
                                                          would like to
                                                          do on all this
                                                          talk of
                                                          epiphenomena,
                                                          intension,
                                                          extension,
                                                          function,
                                                          purpose, cue,
                                                          side-effect,
                                                          spandrel,
                                                          exaptation,
                                                          blah,
                                                          blah-blah, and
blah-blah-blah. <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Thanks
                                                          for allowing
                                                          me to think in
                                                          your space and
                                                          on your time. <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nick <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Nicholas
                                                          Thompson<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Emeritus
                                                          Professor of
                                                          Ethology and
                                                          Psychology<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Clark
                                                          University<o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          class="qt-"><span
style="color:#0563C1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,TnTbxPkRvg0BPvNaE6Fq1T3uJwmDF09KgnNO50mP_S__KFuXCTGN04T7rnC9KsuFHuhDJNjMv8TyGxf7tFaR6WbcG2IAvfnoPeclnYDb2y4WqcEzsdraQVOESm4,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="qt-"><span
                                                          style="color:#0563C1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                                          .... . -..-. .
                                                          -. -.. -..-.
                                                          .. ... -..-.
                                                          .... . .-. .</span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">FRIAM
                                                          Applied
                                                          Complexity
                                                          Group listserv</span><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">Zoom
                                                          Fridays
                                                          9:30a-12p Mtn
                                                          GMT-6  </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,IHDtsPKu2R6WLIMR_V7Y6VQhPmwnw7_CUhUrMwb_Tsjyh2IU0aHk3ezpDylHv_Oct7tfl_DZK2rmext-yOG-Ivv59fOJLQcxhrZlbWb67PSWMg,,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">bit.ly/virtualfriam</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">un/subscribe </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,6cMuqWPe9JiOkEl266eujA1JPx7YYXkhooL9PeebplfCugYa2IKSF-Yi4__KU5fUJKVowOCqRJhMb8LqJPynccw1GP04kXYKT3QNdDYjvUQ,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,6cMuqWPe9JiOkEl266eujA1JPx7YYXkhooL9PeebplfCugYa2IKSF-Yi4__KU5fUJKVowOCqRJhMb8LqJPynccw1GP04kXYKT3QNdDYjvUQ,&typo=1</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">archives: </span></span><a
href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">FRIAM-COMIC </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,4h3FA-MabVadYI2oUnBQdpsu0HdBQIw9ZwHoEGELxpmgjZ_Gb9xJLztxqYQ8XaIOGrmzW8Mq0hHQrkyftEIPv9U9d7Hwgdr0KZzfijHJHA,,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,4h3FA-MabVadYI2oUnBQdpsu0HdBQIw9ZwHoEGELxpmgjZ_Gb9xJLztxqYQ8XaIOGrmzW8Mq0hHQrkyftEIPv9U9d7Hwgdr0KZzfijHJHA,,&typo=1</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
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                                                          class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="qt-qt-msonormal"
style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                                          .... . -..-. .
                                                          -. -.. -..-.
                                                          .. ... -..-.
                                                          .... . .-. .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM
                                                          Applied
                                                          Complexity
                                                          Group listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Zoom
                                                          Fridays
                                                          9:30a-12p Mtn
                                                          GMT-6  <a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,5MNetpuLXdGwswiZbT5o4rrkGmVotxe1er75Qhcne5pEuZz4bXVr9xXgZwyhRb12dObyasNO4c0DfeYRgvg3F6P1_RpWz5rzfNCyR1WXyICG_rnZ&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">un/subscribe <a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,E7kfgzHUUrI7bwOhXUT9ejzCyxGqdnM5IiECXzqRXAtBxWE1t1D1LrMxtMtLBixMsC8QCAvg3KfjepFv02pVHL0nRZlr8PORusoAVCQ4NhFMBNoKLs_vMxDxQr4U&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">archives: <a
href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM-COMIC <a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,VNFP4-fSXOVVY4m7AXTLuckmSSn0_NqkypdaAP97d-0_mnb0DWTJpkVXdmD-ZziZnBY5gizK2QMGZEUlpHH_C-X1o_UIqgPKLDVeYukWtT2jukG-FBOsjozW&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                          class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                                          .... . -..-. .
                                                          -. -.. -..-.
                                                          .. ... -..-.
                                                          .... . .-. .</span></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">FRIAM
                                                          Applied
                                                          Complexity
                                                          Group listserv</span><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">Zoom
                                                          Fridays
                                                          9:30a-12p Mtn
                                                          GMT-6  </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,WjIKWnfxz9wgpdgfvC7TFppkWqohjxAIQkN5s1A1Fq2cxqs8CrV_hNnDJiJUhTHp4ZB_K5nKCfRzyH69zfU5IWgKjSGQw6Hl_bzsFvrqMzM06K5H_g,,&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">bit.ly/virtualfriam</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">un/subscribe </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,1wjd0bnGOTOX_ln03l7xqFaF3OtVWEE2nUIiKd_P2a_pvwiHMPwCS3o3no0mEML7d9n0-nHoaGEk9cV-I8CZfIJFgOWVEAW-dfjI6Yga53JqNPsKJP_n&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,1wjd0bnGOTOX_ln03l7xqFaF3OtVWEE2nUIiKd_P2a_pvwiHMPwCS3o3no0mEML7d9n0-nHoaGEk9cV-I8CZfIJFgOWVEAW-dfjI6Yga53JqNPsKJP_n&typo=1</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">archives: </span></span><a
href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          class="size"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</span></span></a><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><br>
                                                          <span
                                                          class="size">FRIAM-COMIC </span></span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,IAjNJdp3ZqxChEaCVUQhRHHmU_GMQ7L9cRHGIEEMv9CoyW2Qj-F5HM2OgRvulActr7Ujv98MUFz8s4nXiSDJOEjXzVSRlux8CD3Sob9qu5UX&typo=1"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="size"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,IAjNJdp3ZqxChEaCVUQhRHHmU_GMQ7L9cRHGIEEMv9CoyW2Qj-F5HM2OgRvulActr7Ujv98MUFz8s4nXiSDJOEjXzVSRlux8CD3Sob9qu5UX&typo=1</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
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                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                            style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                                .... . -..-. . -. -..
                                                -..-. .. ... -..-. ....
                                                . .-. .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM
                                                Applied Complexity Group
                                                listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Zoom
                                                Fridays 9:30a-12p Mtn
                                                GMT-6 <span
                                                  class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,RfgkYjgdVy2035MZx_OvouNIvRNDb6VdulO4SJUk8DOXaLAEKyrkCFzn5mQdM7AVDEPbgAhqay1wYQJHI3Rc2iyBu-6p_Rbr4qz_kG-_iRLpos8IPPc62NabVs8,&typo=1"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">un/subscribe<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,dyd9GcXpFuqq2xfNsTzRBFA_mdFSkL73WErOmFXHtUyTfVm085jPn6ePnfsEmDHL0knisaLbrjglUnZzO72SjIgDxkXE42cmFvHtCVXZ1NqhzA,,&typo=1"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">archives:<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                                                  href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM-COMIC<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,LtbVkUHsl3lah_eM8fOaS7-Upo0bkZzu1v7kiYJ2OnopzN44j1_VW3m535bsLC7H44sAmJfRsnGtOBoPoeuOzxvlWmYoBqIywRu9WiL66g,,&typo=1"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                        </blockquote>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <p class="qt-qt-msonormal"
                                    style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                        .... . -..-. . -. -.. -..-. ..
                                        ... -..-. .... . .-. .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM
                                        Applied Complexity Group
                                        listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Zoom
                                        Fridays 9:30a-12p Mtn GMT-6 <span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,ATqiH5HDc-WI1uWiYg4sgvHg0-yxqc_rWmynzn-IqBiWiefPk6EtEZGZz-He3xreUh2qsfKoZ3iGktcpc2p9hDwwNOY6zaN7Xf83H-3QDOiBVtvLoLWqdF0,&typo=1"
                                          target="_blank"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">un/subscribe<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,T68hXhoUA7Gx5ZZh8K0x0gjfDcWQDqehYOJy7gs7nqHCCv-PmXX47jZpfMSRbtrRufKDkJyIfxL5jU9R8BsfiTmgIuJf9T_F4CPpjCbFaHVC&typo=1"
                                          target="_blank"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">archives:<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                                          href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/"
                                          target="_blank"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">FRIAM-COMIC<span
class="qt-apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,FRK9flwmqru3p9v7oAiNZCYqgofonifeS_q4JYrqbyK1Wmth0C2WWWlNQoevb8wCdlKz4ILtBO7LhLbjkkWYdlyj2yoxZZXxgjTPyki8ivLpyw,,&typo=1"
                                          target="_blank"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <p class="qt-qt-msonormal" style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">-
                                .... . -..-. . -. -.. -..-. .. ... -..-.
                                .... . .-. .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">- .... . -..-. . -. -.. -..-. .. ... -..-. .... . .-. .
FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv
Zoom Fridays 9:30a-12p Mtn GMT-6  bit.ly/virtualfriam
un/subscribe <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a>
archives: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/">http://friam.471366.n2.nabble.com/</a>
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</pre>
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