<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">This idea of places where people of different walks “encounter each other” — or even better have something meaningful to do with each other, has an interesting role at a certain period of social change in Japan.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">From a friend and colleague:</div><div class=""><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Bonds-Civility-Aesthetic-Political-Structural/dp/0521601150" class="">https://www.amazon.com/Bonds-Civility-Aesthetic-Political-Structural/dp/0521601150</a></div><div class="">The author argues that the creation of “publics” was an important social innovation in getting around the codified barriers in an officially feudal society, de facto before it was possible de jure.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Eric</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Sep 13, 2020, at 1:27 PM, <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com" class="">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com" class="">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">This should do it!<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2fbook-reviews%2fmichael-j-sandel%2fthe-tyranny-of-merit%2f&c=E,1,KxR3VUYiFyLi-9EwiZchRYJULv3vw8vndRDcdK-uHjMLLKBRYDsCsP1hohZZXJCvy_3Wg6yv4vV6bk_km46AMUuQUaM_Qj2dG6Q3Q4KJ8BMOPSaB&typo=1" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/michael-j-sandel/the-tyranny-of-merit/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The thesis is that “meritocracy” is the cause of the fact that the us is now the least socially mobile country among the western democracies. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Nick<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Nicholas Thompson<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Emeritus Professor of Ethology and Psychology<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Clark University<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;" class="">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwordpress.clarku.edu%2fnthompson%2f&c=E,1,gKsz360cU5H_ketjmPQBEhJptprQAdBbicogUNQHhZRFUFrFaQn3tzXvVm0GLJIvOuwFz42i1kHyDLNM4llt9i9QTj7aeCxZ7N4DrFX08icRvAg35Zk,&typo=1" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in; 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