<div dir="ltr">Looks like you don&#39;t have to worry about that.  Even if you are in the other four percent you are likely only to get a mild case of flu and, most important, not die.<div>(of Covid-19 that is, I can&#39;t give you a blanket promise on other causes.)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Ciao!</div><div><br></div><div>John D</div><div><br></div><div><table class="gmail-Bs gmail-nH gmail-iY gmail-bAt" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0px;padding:0px;border-collapse:collapse;width:1038px;display:block;color:rgb(32,33,36);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><tbody><tr><td class="gmail-Bu gmail-yM" style="vertical-align:top;padding:0px;width:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"></td><td class="gmail-Bu gmail-bAn" style="vertical-align:top;padding:0px;display:block;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><div class="gmail-nH gmail-if" style="margin:0px 16px 0px 0px;padding:0px"><div class="gmail-nH gmail-aHU" style=""><div class="gmail-nH gmail-hx" style="background-color:transparent;color:rgb(34,34,34);min-width:502px;padding:0px"><div class="gmail-nH"><div class="gmail-h7 gmail-bg gmail-ie gmail-nH gmail-oy8Mbf" tabindex="-1" style="clear:both;padding-bottom:0px;max-width:100000px;outline:none"><div class="gmail-Bk" style="margin-bottom:0px;border-width:0px;border-top-style:solid;border-right-style:initial;border-bottom-style:initial;border-left-style:initial;border-top-color:rgb(239,239,239);border-right-color:initial;border-left-color:initial;border-bottom-color:initial;border-radius:0px;width:1022px;float:none"><div class="gmail-G3 gmail-G2 gmail-afm" style="padding-top:0px;background-color:transparent;border-width:1px 0px 0px;border-right-style:initial;border-bottom-style:initial;border-left-style:initial;border-right-color:initial;border-bottom-color:rgba(100,121,143,0.12);border-left-color:initial;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:rgba(100,121,143,0.12);border-radius:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px"><div><div id="gmail-:1y6"><div class="gmail-adn gmail-ads" style="border-left:none;padding:0px;display:flex"><div class="gmail-gs" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 20px;width:950px"><div class="gmail-"><div id="gmail-:1xy" class="gmail-ii gmail-gt" style="font-size:0.875rem;direction:ltr;margin:8px 0px 0px;padding:0px"><div id="gmail-:1y2" class="gmail-a3s gmail-aiL" style="overflow:hidden;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:small;line-height:1.5;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail-adL"><div class="gmail-im" style="color:rgb(80,0,80)"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"><br></div><div><div><div><table width="100%" align="left" border="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="margin:0px"><tbody><tr><td id="gmail-m_-5178872626640658947m_5917385040903730996m_3301334279257677334EMAIL_CONTAINER" align="left" width="100%"><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr style="width:600px"><td width="100%" align="center" style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(220,220,220);padding:25px 0px 20px;width:596px;text-align:center"><div style="margin-bottom:15px"><a alt="" style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><img src="https://static.nytimes.com/email-images/New_Headers/NYT-Headers-N-TheMorning%402x.png" alt="" width="300" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" style="cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; width: 300px;"></a></div><p style="width:596px;margin-bottom:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;font-family:georgia,serif">February 1, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td height="20" width="100%" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td width="45" valign="middle" style="padding:0px 9px 15px 0px;vertical-align:middle;width:45px"><a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/w-VJ2v3rCxp7sBq4M1y5Yg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2020/05/01/multimedia/David-Leonhardt-Headshot-The-Morning/David-Leonhardt-Headshot-The-Morning-blogSmallThumb-v3.png" alt="Author Headshot" width="45" height="45" class="gmail-CToWUd" style="width: 45px; height: 45px; border-radius: 100%;"></a></td><td valign="middle" style="padding:0px 0px 15px;vertical-align:middle"><p style="letter-spacing:0.2px;color:rgb(0,0,0);margin-bottom:3px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-weight:600;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-family:arial,sans-serif">By <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/w-VJ2v3rCxp7sBq4M1y5Yg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(204,204,204)">David Leonhardt</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="margin:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:normal;font-size:21px;line-height:30px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif">Good morning. The vaccine news continues to be better than many people realize.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td height="20" width="100%" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"></td></tr><tr><td height="14" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"></td></tr><tr><td height="20" width="100%" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0px;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51);padding:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><tbody><tr><td width="100%" align="center" style="width:596px;padding:0px;line-height:1;text-align:center"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/01/multimedia/01AMBRIEFING-Lede1/01AMBRIEFING-Lede1-articleLarge-v2.jpg" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" style="cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; width: 464.875px; max-width: 470px; display: inline-block; height: auto; padding-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 0;"></td></tr><tr><td width="100%" align="center" style="text-align:center;width:596px;padding-top:6px;padding-bottom:20px;line-height:12px"><span style="width:464.875px;max-width:470px;display:inline-block;text-align:left"><span style="margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;font-family:georgia,serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)">A nurse prepared a dose of the Moderna vaccine in the Bronx on Saturday.</span><span style="margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family:georgia,serif;padding-left:5px;color:rgb(136,136,136);letter-spacing:0.01em">James Estrin/The New York Times</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><h1 style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:31px;line-height:34px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 10px">Infections aren\u2019t what matters</h1></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">The news about the vaccines continues to be excellent \u2014 and the public discussion of it continues to be <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/7Lxz2pzfHrUpCNTv4pK51Q~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8xOC9icmllZmluZy9kb25hbGQtdHJ1bXAtcGFyZG9uLXBoaWwtc3BlY3Rvci1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy1kZWF0aHMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD05JmVtYz1lZGl0X25uXzIwMjEwMjAxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI2NjI1Jm5sPXRoZS1tb3JuaW5nJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTMzMzQxMDY3JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTA3NDQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWIwODY4ZDU0NjFkYjlmMjUwOWY2NmU4MGY0MzdjMjQ2VwNueXRCCmARM-YXYOSmSwpSE2Nkb2Jzb25Ab2tzdGF0ZS5lZHVYBAAAAAA~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">more negative than the facts warrant</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Here\u2019s the key fact:<span style="font-weight:700;font-size:inherit"> All five vaccines with public results have eliminated Covid-19 deaths.</span> They have also drastically reduced hospitalizations. \u201cThey\u2019re all good trial results,\u201d Caitlin Rivers, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University, told me. \u201cIt\u2019s great news.\u201d</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Many people are instead focusing on relatively minor differences among the vaccine results and wrongly assuming that those differences mean that some vaccines won\u2019t prevent serious illnesses. It\u2019s still too early to be sure, because a few of the vaccine makers have released only a small amount of data. But the available data is very encouraging \u2014 including about the vaccines\u2019 effect on the virus\u2019s variants.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">\u201cThe vaccines are poised to deliver what people so desperately want: an end, however protracted, to this pandemic,\u201d as <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/1lG6EAPw8nFRzYDGO_K7qg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlYXRsYW50aWMuY29tL2lkZWFzL2FyY2hpdmUvMjAyMS8wMS9naXZpbmctcGVvcGxlLW1vcmUtZnJlZWRvbS13aG9sZS1wb2ludC12YWNjaW5lcy82MTc4MjkvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">Julia Marcus</a> of Harvard Medical School recently wrote in The Atlantic.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Why is the public understanding more negative than it should be? Much of the confusion revolves around the meaning of the word \u201ceffective.\u201d</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><h2 style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:31px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 10px">What do we care about?</h2></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">In the official language of research science, a vaccine is typically considered effective only if it prevents people from coming down with any degree of illness. With a disease that\u2019s always or usually horrible, like ebola or rabies, that definition is also the most meaningful one.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">But it\u2019s not the most meaningful definition for most coronavirus infections.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Whether you realize it or not, you have almost certainly had a coronavirus. Coronaviruses have been <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/MAmqMO4IhGBDMtk0_mn17A~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlLXNjaWVudGlzdC5jb20vbmV3cy1vcGluaW9uL2EtYnJpZWYtaGlzdG9yeS1vZi1odW1hbi1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1c2VzLTY3NjAwP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">circulating for decades if not centuries</a>, and they\u2019re often mild. The common cold can be a coronavirus. The world isn\u2019t going to eliminate coronaviruses \u2014 or this particular one, known as SARS-CoV-2 \u2014 anytime soon.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Yet we don\u2019t need to eliminate it for life to return to normal. We instead need to downgrade it from a deadly pandemic to a normal virus. Once that happens, adults can go back to work, and children back to school. Grandparents can nuzzle their grandchildren, and you can meet your friends at a restaurant.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">As Dr. Ashish Jha, the dean of the Brown University School of Public Health, told me this weekend: \u201cI don\u2019t actually care about infections. I care about hospitalizations and deaths and long-term complications.\u201d</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><h2 style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:31px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 10px">The data</h2></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">By those measures, all five of the vaccines \u2014 from Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Novavax and Johnson &amp; Johnson \u2014 look extremely good. Of the roughly 75,000 people <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/mGsSJ7kw5ZSqWIFL7QHvTg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4Q5AWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lmpuai5jb20vam9obnNvbi1qb2huc29uLWFubm91bmNlcy1zaW5nbGUtc2hvdC1qYW5zc2VuLWNvdmlkLTE5LXZhY2NpbmUtY2FuZGlkYXRlLW1ldC1wcmltYXJ5LWVuZHBvaW50cy1pbi1pbnRlcmltLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLWl0cy1waGFzZS0zLWVuc2VtYmxlLXRyaWFsP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">who have</a> <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/RwCSzjkzE3rSiB8mS1gmCA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4QqAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZkYS5nb3YvZW1lcmdlbmN5LXByZXBhcmVkbmVzcy1hbmQtcmVzcG9uc2UvbWNtLWxlZ2FsLXJlZ3VsYXRvcnktYW5kLXBvbGljeS1mcmFtZXdvcmsvbW9kZXJuYS1jb3ZpZC0xOS12YWNjaW5lLWZyZXF1ZW50bHktYXNrZWQtcXVlc3Rpb25zP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">received</a> <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/fDnVs11Pf4m6bTDJgiDIKA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4QyAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZkYS5nb3YvZW1lcmdlbmN5LXByZXBhcmVkbmVzcy1hbmQtcmVzcG9uc2UvbWNtLWxlZ2FsLXJlZ3VsYXRvcnktYW5kLXBvbGljeS1mcmFtZXdvcmsvcGZpemVyLWJpb250ZWNoLWNvdmlkLTE5LXZhY2NpbmUtZnJlcXVlbnRseS1hc2tlZC1xdWVzdGlvbnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9OSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ubl8yMDIxMDIwMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNjYyNSZubD10aGUtbW9ybmluZyZyZWdpX2lkPTEzMzM0MTA2NyZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUwNzQ0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1iMDg2OGQ1NDYxZGI5ZjI1MDlmNjZlODBmNDM3YzI0NlcDbnl0QgpgETPmF2DkpksKUhNjZG9ic29uQG9rc3RhdGUuZWR1WAQAAAAA" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">one of</a> <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/34D-4gPDxwSlEf0oI2f2ug~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4QMAWh0dHBzOi8vaXIubm92YXZheC5jb20vbmV3cy1yZWxlYXNlcy9uZXdzLXJlbGVhc2UtZGV0YWlscy9ub3ZhdmF4LWNvdmlkLTE5LXZhY2NpbmUtZGVtb25zdHJhdGVzLTg5My1lZmZpY2FjeS11ay1waGFzZS0zP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">the five</a> <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/xb-L5Y7x2dgRJHbnvS8How~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8xMi8zMC93b3JsZC9ldXJvcGUvdWstY292aWQtMTktdmFjY2luZS1veGZvcmQtYXN0cmF6ZW5lY2EuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD05JmVtYz1lZGl0X25uXzIwMjEwMjAxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI2NjI1Jm5sPXRoZS1tb3JuaW5nJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTMzMzQxMDY3JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTA3NDQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWIwODY4ZDU0NjFkYjlmMjUwOWY2NmU4MGY0MzdjMjQ2VwNueXRCCmARM-YXYOSmSwpSE2Nkb2Jzb25Ab2tzdGF0ZS5lZHVYBAAAAAA~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">in a research trial</a>, not a single person has died from Covid, and only a few people appear to have been hospitalized. None have remained hospitalized 28 days after receiving a shot.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">To put that in perspective, it helps to think about <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/A1GcX_YS9n9fdrSOggtp-g~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMC91cy9jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy11cy1jYXNlcy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">what Covid has done so far</a> to a representative group of 75,000 American adults: It has killed roughly 150 of them and sent several hundred more to the hospital. The vaccines reduce those numbers to zero and nearly zero, based on the research trials.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Zero isn\u2019t even the most relevant benchmark. A typical <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/wE4DoiymdCYFgeWAHRCD_Q~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TIaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2RjLmdvdi9mbHUvYWJvdXQvYnVyZGVuLzIwMTktMjAyMC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">U.S. flu season</a> kills between five and 15 out of every 75,000 adults and hospitalizes more than 100 of them.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">I assume you would agree that any vaccine that transforms Covid into something much milder than a typical flu deserves to be called effective. But that is not the scientific definition. When you read that the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine was 66 percent effective or that the Novavax vaccine was 89 percent effective, those numbers are referring to the prevention of all illness. They count mild symptoms as a failure.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">\u201cIn terms of the severe outcomes, which is what we really care about, the news is fantastic,\u201d Dr. Aaron Richterman, an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Pennsylvania, said.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><h2 style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:31px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 10px">The variants</h2></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">What about the highly contagious new virus variants that have emerged in Britain, Brazil and South Africa? The <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/3CGkglVlsNhf7wR7wd9nuA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TpaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8yOC91cy9jb3ZpZC1zb3V0aC1hZnJpY2EtdmFyaWFudC1zb3V0aC1jYXJvbGluYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">South African variant</a> does appear to make the vaccines less effective at eliminating infections.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Fortunately, there is no evidence yet that it increases deaths among vaccinated people. Two of the five vaccines \u2014 from Johnson &amp; Johnson and Novavax \u2014 have reported some results from South Africa, and none of the people there who received a vaccine died of Covid. \u201cPeople are still not getting serious illness. They\u2019re still not dying,\u201d Dr. Rebecca Wurtz of the University of Minnesota School of Public Health told me.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">The most likely reason, epidemiologists say, is that the vaccines still provide considerable protection against the variant, albeit not quite as much as against the original version. Some protection appears to be enough to turn this coronavirus into a fairly normal disease in the vast majority of cases.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">\u201cThis variant is clearly making it a little tougher to get the most vigorous response that you would want to have,\u201d Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, said. \u201cBut still, for severe disease, it\u2019s looking really good.\u201d</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0px;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51);padding:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><tbody><tr><td width="100%" align="center" style="width:596px;padding:0px;line-height:1;text-align:center"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/02/01/multimedia/01AMBRIEFING-lede2/01AMBRIEFING-lede2-articleLarge-v2.jpg" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" style="cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; width: 464.875px; max-width: 470px; display: inline-block; height: auto; padding-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 0;"></td></tr><tr><td width="100%" align="center" style="text-align:center;width:596px;padding-top:6px;padding-bottom:20px;line-height:12px"><span style="width:464.875px;max-width:470px;display:inline-block;text-align:left"><span style="margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;font-family:georgia,serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)">A vaccination site in North Charleston, S.C.</span><span style="margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;font-family:georgia,serif;padding-left:5px;color:rgb(136,136,136);letter-spacing:0.01em">Cameron Pollack for The New York Times</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><h2 style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:31px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 10px">What would an expert do?</h2></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">The biggest caveat is the possibility that future data will be less heartening. <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/mGsSJ7kw5ZSqWIFL7QHvTg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4Q5AWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lmpuai5jb20vam9obnNvbi1qb2huc29uLWFubm91bmNlcy1zaW5nbGUtc2hvdC1qYW5zc2VuLWNvdmlkLTE5LXZhY2NpbmUtY2FuZGlkYXRlLW1ldC1wcmltYXJ5LWVuZHBvaW50cy1pbi1pbnRlcmltLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLWl0cy1waGFzZS0zLWVuc2VtYmxlLXRyaWFsP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">Johnson &amp; Johnson</a> and <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/34D-4gPDxwSlEf0oI2f2ug~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP4QMAWh0dHBzOi8vaXIubm92YXZheC5jb20vbmV3cy1yZWxlYXNlcy9uZXdzLXJlbGVhc2UtZGV0YWlscy9ub3ZhdmF4LWNvdmlkLTE5LXZhY2NpbmUtZGVtb25zdHJhdGVzLTg5My1lZmZpY2FjeS11ay1waGFzZS0zP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">Novavax</a>, for example, have issued press releases about their data, but no independent group has yet released an analysis. It will also be important to see much more data about how the vaccines interact with the variants.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">But don\u2019t confuse uncertainty with bad news. The available vaccine evidence is nearly as positive as it could conceivably be. And our overly negative interpretation of it is causing real problems.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Some people <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/kqa43F5RxSt20AewFthPjQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8yNS91cy9iaWRlbi1zY2hvb2xzLXJlb3Blbi1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTkmZW1jPWVkaXRfbm5fMjAyMTAyMDEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjY2MjUmbmw9dGhlLW1vcm5pbmcmcmVnaV9pZD0xMzMzNDEwNjcmc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MDc0NCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YjA4NjhkNTQ2MWRiOWYyNTA5ZjY2ZTgwZjQzN2MyNDZXA255dEIKYBEz5hdg5KZLClITY2RvYnNvbkBva3N0YXRlLmVkdVgEAAAAAA~~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">worry</a> that schools cannot reopen even after teachers are vaccinated. Others are left with the mistaken impression that only the two vaccines with the highest official effectiveness rates \u2014 from Moderna and Pfizer \u2014 are worth getting.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">In truth, so long as the data holds up, any of the five vaccines can save your life.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><p style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:17px;line-height:25px;font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px 0px 15px">Last week, Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University <a href="https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/mnnOh4iunt9B17sZZvWvqA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRh-mszP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8yOS9oZWFsdGgvQ292aWQtdmFjY2luZS1leHBsYWluZXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD05JmVtYz1lZGl0X25uXzIwMjEwMjAxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI2NjI1Jm5sPXRoZS1tb3JuaW5nJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTMzMzQxMDY3JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTA3NDQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWIwODY4ZDU0NjFkYjlmMjUwOWY2NmU4MGY0MzdjMjQ2VwNueXRCCmARM-YXYOSmSwpSE2Nkb2Jzb25Ab2tzdGF0ZS5lZHVYBAAAAAA~" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(40,110,208);border-bottom:1px solid rgb(40,110,208);text-decoration-line:none;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">told my colleague Denise Grady</a> about a conversation he had with other experts. During it, they imagined that a close relative had to choose between getting the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine now or waiting three weeks to get the Moderna or Pfizer vaccine. \u201cAll of us said, \u2018Get the one tomorrow,\u2019\u201d Schaffner said. \u201cThe virus is bad. You\u2019re risking three more weeks of exposure as opposed to getting protection tomorrow.\u201d</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;width:600px"><br></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail-adL"></div></div></div><div class="gmail-hi" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px;padding:0px;width:auto;background:rgb(242,242,242);margin:0px"></div></div></div><div class="gmail-ajx" style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="gmail-gA gmail-gt gmail-acV" style="font-size:0.875rem;padding:0px;width:auto;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-top:none;margin:0px;background:transparent"><div class="gmail-gB gmail-xu" style="border-top:0px;padding:0px"><div class="gmail-ip gmail-iq" style="clear:both;margin:0px;padding:16px 0px;border-top:none"><div id="gmail-:1yh"><table class="gmail-cf gmail-wS" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td class="gmail-amq" style="padding:0px 16px;vertical-align:top;width:44px"><img id="gmail-:lk_25" name=":lk" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjhSryURLgXIgKrWIMUAsTPBp6yCMr3iRdyYhkMog=s40" class="gmail-ajn gmail-bofPge" style="display: block; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%;"></td><td class="gmail-amr" style="padding:0px;width:950px"><div class="gmail-nr gmail-wR" style="box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:1px;padding:0px;border:none;margin:0px"><div class="gmail-amn" style="color:inherit;height:auto;padding:0px;display:flex;line-height:20px"><span id="gmail-:1zw" tabindex="0" class="gmail-ams gmail-bkH" style="border:none;display:inline-flex;font-family:&quot;Google Sans&quot;,Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;letter-spacing:0.25px;background:none;border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(95,99,104);height:36px;outline:none;padding:0px 16px 0px 12px;min-width:104px;margin-right:12px">Reply</span><span id="gmail-:1zx" tabindex="0" class="gmail-ams gmail-bkI" style="border:none;display:inline-flex;font-family:&quot;Google Sans&quot;,Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;letter-spacing:0.25px;background:none;border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(95,99,104);height:36px;outline:none;padding:0px 16px 0px 12px;min-width:104px;margin-right:12px">Reply all</span><span id="gmail-:1zy" tabindex="0" class="gmail-ams gmail-bkG" style="border:none;display:inline-flex;font-family:&quot;Google Sans&quot;,Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;letter-spacing:0.25px;background:none;border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(95,99,104);height:36px;outline:none;padding:0px 16px 0px 12px;min-width:104px;margin-right:12px">Forward</span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail-nH"></div><div class="gmail-nH"></div></div></div><div class="gmail-nH"><div class="gmail-l2 gmail-pfiaof" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px 16px 440px 72px;text-align:center"><div id="gmail-:1ze" class="gmail-aeV" style="float:left;width:311.016px;text-align:left"><div><div class="gmail-md gmail-mj" style="font-size:0.75rem;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7);padding-top:0px;letter-spacing:0.3px;line-height:20px"><div><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span></div><div class="gmail-aeW"><a target="_blank" href="https://drive.google.com/u/0/settings/storage?hl=en&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_source=gmail&amp;utm_campaign=manage_storage" class="gmail-l8" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);text-decoration-line:none"></a></div></div></div><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