<div dir="auto">I'll put it in my terms which will reduce the chances of my making an error. If A and B are both causes of C then A is not independent of B given C. C is a collider.<br><br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">---<br>Frank C. Wimberly<br>140 Calle Ojo Feliz, <br>Santa Fe, NM 87505<br><br>505 670-9918<br>Santa Fe, NM</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Dec 19, 2021, 11:09 PM <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word"><div class="m_2171135923807079635WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:22.0pt;font-family:Algerian">Yes! Right! Thankyou! <u></u><u></u></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">That is now obvious to you because you know that stuff. But for three weeks it has been driving me crazy. <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Now for the second point. <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:22.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">E1 and E2, each causally contribute to a behavior, B. In this case, postulating<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> an inner state, I, that is caused by both E1 and E2, and which causes </span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red">I, </span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">affects <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">one's predictions concerning the relationship between environment and behavior. </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal">This is from the abstract of the article. Not only do we see the same slip-up with respect to I (I IS after all, the inner state), but we see also that the abstract entertains an article about causal convergence (“collision”), not causal forks. Yet every where else, in the title, or in the body, the article seems to be talking about forks. Even with my weak knowledge of formal logic and probability, I can see that that would make a huge difference. Can you confirm also that that is a cockup, so I don’t spend another month trying to make it make sense?<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal">Thanks, <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal">Nick<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635quotation" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Nick Thompson<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="color:#0563c1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="color:#0563c1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Friam <<a href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Frank Wimberly<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, December 19, 2021 10:35 PM<br><b>To:</b> The Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee Group <<a href="mailto:friam@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam@redfish.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [FRIAM] Dear Long Suffering Colleagues<u></u><u></u></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">"I screens of S from I" doesn't make sense. Must be a typo.<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">---<br>Frank C. Wimberly<br>140 Calle Ojo Feliz, <br>Santa Fe, NM 87505<br><br>505 670-9918<br>Santa Fe, NM<u></u><u></u></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Dec 19, 2021, 9:24 PM <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in"><div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Sorry, Frank. I don’t mean to be standoffish. I have yet to be that close to a non family member (as we would have to be, going line by line over a text. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Are you sure you read the two first passages TOGETHER. Notice where the I’s appear in the first and where they appear in the second. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">The family is throwing caution to the wind over the next two weeks so by mid January I will either be dead or psychologically immunized. But I hope I will have gotten this thing written by then. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">N<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Nick Thompson<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="color:#0563c1">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</span></a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="color:#0563c1">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</span></a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Friam <<a href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam-bounces@redfish.com</a>> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Frank Wimberly<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, December 19, 2021 5:25 PM<br><b>To:</b> The Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee Group <<a href="mailto:friam@redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">friam@redfish.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [FRIAM] Dear Long Suffering Colleagues<u></u><u></u></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Sober is correct. I wish you would accept my offer to explain this to you face to face with paper and pencil.<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">---<br>Frank C. Wimberly<br>140 Calle Ojo Feliz, <br>Santa Fe, NM 87505<br><br>505 670-9918<br>Santa Fe, NM<u></u><u></u></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Dec 19, 2021, 4:20 PM <<a href="mailto:thompnickson2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">thompnickson2@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Here, once again, is the infamous Sober article. I know. Half of you want to throw me off FRIAM for being so ignorant as to give my time to it, while the other half want to throw me off FRIAM for being so ignorant as to find fault with it. I confess that both of these could be true. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">It all revolves the consequences of “screening off” and it’s possible relations to the claims of behaviorism. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">First I want to point out what I have now come to believe are devastating typos, typos which those of you who have already read the text for me might not have noticed because you knew what the passages SHOULD say, and so read right over what they actually said For me, with my very limited gasp of probability inference, was completely knocked flat by them and only quite recently come to believe that they are typos.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation">For example, if a stimulus S raises the probability of inner state I, <br>and I raises the probability of response R, then S raises the probability R, provided <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation">that I screens-off S from <span style="color:red;background:yellow">I</span><span style="color:red">. </span>Screening-off means that <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation">Pr(R at t1 | I at t2 ) = Pr(R at t1 | I at t2 & S at t1 ). <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Note that the two passages contradict one another. I would simply disregard the first passage if it weren’t repeated in the document’s abstract: <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">E1 and E2, each causally contribute to a behavior, B. In this case, postulating</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> an inner state, I, that is caused by both E1 and E2, and which causes I, affects </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">one's predictions concerning the relationship between environment and behavior. </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always"></span></i></b><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Notice also, that this exposition in the abstract contemplates a causal collision, where the burden of the article concerns causal forks.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">I have struggled to come up with a verbal account of “screening off” which is acceptable to either of my critiques. Here is another, <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="m_2171135923807079635m-170713957616407926m2923852510292183356quotation">Screening off means, where A<span style="font-family:Wingdings">è</span>B<span style="font-family:Wingdings">è</span>C, A has no effect on C other than its effect via B<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Could somebody settle the typo issue for me. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">I will stop for now. <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">n<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Nick Thompson<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ThompNickSon2@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ThompNickSon2@gmail.com</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson/</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br>.-- .- -. - / .- -.-. - .. --- -. ..--.. / -.-. --- -. .--- ..- --. .- - .<br>FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv<br>Zoom Fridays 9:30a-12p Mtn UTC-6 <a href="http://bit.ly/virtualfriam" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><br>un/subscribe <a href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><br>FRIAM-COMIC <a href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><br>archives:<br> 5/2017 thru present <a href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><br> 1/2003 thru 6/2021 <a href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><u></u><u></u></p></blockquote></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br>.-- .- -. - / .- -.-. - .. --- -. ..--.. / -.-. --- -. .--- ..- --. .- - .<br>FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv<br>Zoom Fridays 9:30a-12p Mtn UTC-6 <a href="http://bit.ly/virtualfriam" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><br>un/subscribe <a href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><br>FRIAM-COMIC <a href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><br>archives:<br> 5/2017 thru present <a href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><br> 1/2003 thru 6/2021 <a href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><u></u><u></u></p></blockquote></div></div></div><br>
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