<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div dir="auto">Nice references! I believe people basically prefer democracies if they have a choice, and democracies will remain alive as long as the majority of the people (including judges, politicians, policemen, soldiers and journalists) support it and play by the democratic rules of the game. If the majority begins to play by a different set of rules - for example "do not criticize the supreme leader and his regime, because he knows best" - then the system slides back into more primitive forms.</div><div dir="auto">https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/07/democracy-could-die-2024/619390/<br><br>In an autocracy there might be a shallow veneer of democracy but no substance behind it. Authoritarian systems have often fake elections: elections in name only where the winner is already known before. If we define a president as the elected head of a republic, then authoritarian systems have presidents in name only. They also have courts in name only where criminals - esp. if they belong to the ruling regime - remain free while their investigators are imprisoned. Ginsburg and Moustafa have written about the politics of courts in authoritarian regimes.<br>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rule-by-law-%3A-the-politics-of-courts-in-regimes-Ginsburg-Moustafa/59fcbc0522a1112aeca0b2cf5246c28c0b4f9fee<br><br>One thing I find puzzling is that we know as an empirical fact that democracies do not wage wars against each other. Why do authoritarian or totalitarian systems tend to start wars and invade other countries? Is it because they have a more primitive form and do not fit in, like a T-Rex in San Diego? Or do they feel threatened? Anne Applebaum had a good article recently why Russia might want to invade Ukraine<br>https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/02/putin-ukraine-democracy/621465/</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-J.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div><br></div><div align="left" dir="auto" style="font-size:100%;color:#000000"><div>-------- Original message --------</div><div>From: Steve Smith <sasmyth@swcp.com> </div><div>Date: 2/4/22 17:31 (GMT+01:00) </div><div>To: friam@redfish.com </div><div>Subject: [FRIAM] Democracy in Name Only: endemic regime instability </div><div><br></div></div>
<div style="color: rgb(23, 43, 77); font-family: Arial, Verdana,
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initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 18px;"><font color="#000000">Someone here is more likely than I to have
actually read Ziblatt and Levitsky's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Democracies_Die#:~:text=How%20Democracies%20Die%20is%20a,process%20to%20increase%20their%20power.">How
Democracies Die</a> <br>
</font></span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(23, 43, 77); font-family: Arial, Verdana,
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initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 18px;"><font color="#000000">A recent article (behind a subscribe-wall)
included the following quote:</font></span></div>
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</span></div>
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initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;"><a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2022-01-20/americas-coming-age-instability" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2022-01-20/americas-coming-age-instability</a></span></div>
<blockquote>
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255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br>
</span></i></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: 18px;">America may no longer be safe for
democracy, but it remains inhospitable to autocracy.</span></i></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
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255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: 18px;">Rather than autocracy, the United
States appears headed toward endemic regime instability. <br>
</span></i></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br>
</span></i></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: 18px;">Such a scenario would be marked by
frequent constitutional crises, including contested or
stolen elections and severe conflict between presidents and
Congress (such as impeachments and executive efforts to
bypass Congress), the judiciary (such as efforts to purge or
pack the courts), and state governments (such as intense
battles over voting rights and the administration of
elections). The United States would likely shift back and
forth between periods of dysfunctional democracy and periods
of competitive authoritarian rule during which incumbents
abuse state power, tolerate or encourage violent extremism,
and tilt the electoral playing field against their rivals.</span></i></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;">I found this characterization of our plight very
compelling, if also very disturbing.</span></div>
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initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;">It seems as if we have "tumbled our gyros" but in a
different mode than the rhetoric about "Civil War" and "Descent
into Autocracy" seem to suggest. It also characterizes a lot
of the aspiring/limping democracies we know of in the world
today up to and including extreme examples such as Russia which
fits the DINO (democracy in name only) label pretty well.</span></div>
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initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;">This conception of the problem lead me to a very well
written HS student-essay by the same title: <a href="https://hac.bard.edu/amor-mundi/democracy-in-name-only-2020-01-02">democracy-in-name-only</a>.</span></div>
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18px;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
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0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="font-size:
18px;">Within this essay was a poignant quote:</span></div>
<blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34,
34); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", SourceSans,
Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
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255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial;
text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">In the
words of Alexis de Tocqueville,</span></span>
<blockquote style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);
font-family: "Source Sans Pro", SourceSans,
Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
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255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial;
text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;" name="c45a" id="c45a" class="graf graf--pullquote
graf--startsWithDoubleQuote graf-after--p">“A new science of politics is needed for a new
world. This, however, is what we think of least; launched in
the middle of a rapid stream, we obstinately fix our eyes on
the ruins which may still be descried upon the shore we have
left, while the current sweeps us along, and drives us
backward toward the gulf.”</blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;"></span></div>
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