<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><p style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The hijack metaphor is not uncommon. Judson Brewer writes in his book "The Craving Mind" (Yale University Press, 2017) that drugs hijack the dopamine reward system. He defines addiction as the continued use of a particular substance or specific behavior, despite adverse consequences.</span></p><br><p style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The food giants have apparently found ways to hijack the reward system too. They have made their products addictive and their profits larger, as Michael Moss writes in his book "Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us" (Random House, 2013).</span></p><br><p style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">One could say that the food giants exploit our reward system for their profits in the same way that despotic rules exploit our emotions to stay in power, for instance by promising protection against an imagined threat ("The country is not safe! I will make it safe" as Judson Brewer writes in the epilogue of his book).</span></p><p style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">-J.</span></p></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div><br></div><div align="left" dir="auto" style="font-size:100%;color:#000000"><div>-------- Original message --------</div><div>From: steve smith <sasmyth@swcp.com> </div><div>Date: 6/15/24 6:15 PM (GMT+01:00) </div><div>To: friam@redfish.com </div><div>Subject: Re: [FRIAM] Addiction and depression </div><div><br></div></div>
<p>I'm probably behind the times with pop-lingo but I was caught by
a new (to me) phrase of "limbic hijack".</p>
<p>I'm left wondering what the adaptive value of this (apparent)
exaptation is? My interests have been focused about the
competition between individual (human) organismal adaptation and
societal and even biospheric scale collective adaptation... <br>
</p>
<p>Mob responses (BLM protests, Capitol Invasion, ...) and
collective down-regulation of collective "bad behaviour" (e.g.
economic recessions/depressions as a self-regulating response to
unbound growth/exploitation?)</p>
<p>My personal experience with addiction/depression is limited but
not absent. I have experienced depression almost exclusively as
the "rain shadow" (nod to Nick and SG) of anxiety... where some
threat (real or imagined) exhausts me to the point of a depressive
response (which almost always breaks the anxiety and enforces a
rest/recovery phase). Addiction is slipperier for me as I don't
know that most of us recognize our addictions while we are
indulging in them, or in their "thrall". Most here might not be
surprised that one of my more self-recognized addictions is
"ideaphoresis", or getting high on my own supply of never-ending
tangential ideas. This would fit your (Jochen) idea of
dysregulated otherwise adaptive phenomena... wild ideation as a
form of forced breadth-first exploration of problem space, up to
and including making up problems that *might* but don't clearly
yet exist. I noticed this (making up problems that don't exist)
first with my fascination with Post-Apocalyptic fiction.</p>
<p>Regarding food addiction, most of my life I had an
addictive/compulsive response to lowered electrolytes of seeking
salty food or more notably salting my icewater. After decades of
puzzling over this (often there was no obvious reason like
exercise/persperation) I had someone suggest that my craving
wasn't for sodium chloride but rather other electrolytes. I
picked up some liquid magnesium and potassium based
salt-substitute to add to any drink (formerly water, now
home-brewed kombucha) if I ever feel the slightest salt craving.
It clears it immediately... and I notice that the mineralized
kombucha tastes a great deal like coconut water (which is
specifically high in potassium) which was another craving I knew
before I discovered the mineral-electrolyte supplements. I have
shifted my diet over the last few years to foods which are also
potassium/magnesium rich in the process for other reasons and my
background taste for salt is almost absent.<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/15/24 8:22 AM, Jochen Fromm wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="auto">
<p dir="ltr" style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Google
Sans"; white-space-collapse: preserve;">I was reading a
book about addictions (Addictions - A Social Psychological
Perspective edited by Catalina E. Kopetz and Carl W. Lejuez,
Routledge, 2015) and was wondering if addiction and
depression are two extremes on the same spectrum. Addiction
is in a sense the opposite of depression: we feel either
forced to do something or compelled to do nothing. We either
can not stop doing something or can not do anything at all.</span></p>
<br>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0,
0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal;
font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates:
normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align:
baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Rock stars and
rich people or their kids often suffer from drug addiction
to alcohol or cocaine or other drugs, while ordinary people
are more affected from junk food and porn. Junk food is to
supper time what porn is to pairing time. They hijack the
ancient mechanisms which ensure that we maintain our bodies
(by ingesting food) and maintain our species (by having
sex). The reward system in our brains is triggered without
providing the benefits the rewards were meant to guarantee.</span></p>
<br>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin-top:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Google Sans"; color: rgb(0,
0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal;
font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates:
normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align:
baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">What do you
think, could you say that addiction and depression are two
related phenomena where inbuilt reward mechanism go awry?</span></p>
<br>
</div>
<div dir="auto">-J.</div>
<div dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<br>
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