<div dir="auto"><div>I am familiar with the concept of a well-formed formula in formal logic. Wikipedia says:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div><p style="padding-bottom:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0px 0px;font-size:16px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:-apple-system,blinkmacsystemfont,"segoe ui",roboto,inter,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">In <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">mathematical logic</a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_logic" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">propositional logic</a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_logic" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">predicate logic</a>, a <b>well-formed formula</b>, abbreviated <b>WFF</b> or <b>wff</b>, often simply <b>formula</b>, is a finite <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">sequence</a> of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_%28formal%29" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">symbols</a> from a given <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_%28computer_science%29" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">alphabet</a> that is part of a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">formal language</a>.<sup style="line-height:1;font-size:0.75em"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-formed_formula#cite_note-1" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="padding-bottom:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0px 0px;font-size:16px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:-apple-system,blinkmacsystemfont,"segoe ui",roboto,inter,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">The abbreviation <b>wff</b> is pronounced "woof", or sometimes "wiff", "weff", or "whiff". <sup style="line-height:1;font-size:0.75em"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-formed_formula#cite_note-12" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">[12]</a></sup></p><p style="padding-bottom:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0px 0px;font-size:16px;color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:-apple-system,blinkmacsystemfont,"segoe ui",roboto,inter,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">A formal language can be identified with the set of formulas in the language. A formula is a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_%28logic%29" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">syntactic</a> object that can be given a semantic <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_semantics_%28logic%29" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">meaning</a> by means of an <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_%28logic%29" style="border-radius:2px;text-decoration-line:none">interpretation</a>. Two key uses of formulas are in propositional logic and predicate logic.</p></div><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">---<br>Frank C. Wimberly<br>140 Calle Ojo Feliz, <br>Santa Fe, NM 87505<br><br>505 670-9918<br>Santa Fe, NM</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Jan 13, 2025, 1:53 PM glen <<a href="mailto:gepropella@gmail.com">gepropella@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I can't even pretend to understand what y'all are talking about. But I do have a couple of questions and a bit of a tangent to apply. Feel free to ignore the tangent. The questions are more important.<br>
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Question 1: Why does TANSTAAFL only carry traction (whatever that means) in edge/corner cases?<br>
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Question 2: What does "well-formed" mean in this concept of computation?<br>
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Tangent: The Carnot-type limit, in my ignorance, rang the bell of an argument I'm in with a couple of friends. They're both [macro]biologists; so I'm the ultracrepidarian, here. But they have faith that biodiversity (both macro and micro) is obviously lower in urban environments than in wild or rural environments. My argument is that the measures of diversity make up a wild landscape in and of themselves. Were we to take a multiverse analysis <<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse_analysis" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse_analysis</a>> approach to such a question, would the various diversity measures [dis]agree? I mean, it is obvious that there's a dearth of some types of species in urban environments (e.g. types of plants and animals). But there are lots of the ones that are there (humans, rats, pets, potted plants, etc.). And the rhetorical leverage from "low macro diversity" to "low micro diversity" seems too *obvious* to be true... much like when a huckster offers a deal that's too good to be true. Not only is this question not "well-formed", one's faith in their preferred answer feels almost cult-like, where the priests' answer is so completely accepted that the skeptic is ostracized as a contrarian for asking for a demonstration of the evidence.<br>
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On 1/11/25 12:18, steve smith wrote:<br>
> it feels like a TANSTAAFL argument which only carries traction in edge/corner cases, though computing in biologic and (other) molecular scale contexts might well make that trade (to avoid thermal problems)? Whether Universal Assembler NT or biologic self-assembly "circuits".<br>
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On 1/11/25 13:56, Santafe wrote:<br>
> Then what is the premise of computation? It is that every statement of a well-formed question already contains its answer; the problem is just that the answer is hard to see because it is distributed among the bits of the question statement, along with other things that aren’t the answer. <br>
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On 1/11/25 13:56, Santafe wrote:<br>
> [...] everything we do works because we are tiny and care about only a few things, with which we interact stochastically, and the world tolerates us in doing so. In that world, returning the slag to the Source of Questions should create a kind of chemical potential for interesting questions, in which, like ores that become more and more rarified, finding the interesting questions among the slag that one won’t dispose of gets harder and harder. So there should be Carnot-type limits that tell asymptotically what the minimal total waste could be to extract all the questions we will ever care about from the Source of Questions, retuning as much slag as possible over the whole course, and dissipating only that part that defines the boundaries of our interest. That Carnot limit could be considerably less wasteful than our non-look-ahead Landauer bound, but it isn’t zero. And the Maxwell Deamon cost of the look-ahead needed to recycle the slag in an optimal manner presumably also diverges, by a block-coding kind of scaling argument.<br>
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-- <br>
¡sıɹƎ ןıɐH ⊥ ɐןןǝdoɹ ǝ uǝןƃ<br>
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