<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">Thanks for these, Marcus,<div><br></div><div>Eric</div><div><br id="lineBreakAtBeginningOfMessage"><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Feb 8, 2025, at 12:44, Marcus Daniels <marcus@snoutfarm.com> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
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--></style><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div class="WordSection1"><p style="line-height:15.0pt">\ufeffFrom Copilot. (Of course, this is prior to Trump 2.0.)<br><br><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Here's the updated table with science funding as a percentage of GDP, including health research budgets (like the NIH), fundamental research (like the DOE Office of Science and NSF), and defense-related research (like IARPA, DARPA, and nuclear weapons), along with the complete footnotes:<o:p></o:p></span></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellpadding="0"><thead><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Country<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Total R&D Spending (% of GDP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Health Research (% of GDP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Fundamental Research (% of GDP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Defense-Related Research (% of GDP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Israel<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">4.9%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.9%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">South Korea<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">4.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.9%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Sweden<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">3.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">3.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.6%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Denmark<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.9%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.6%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.8%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">United States<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.8%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.6%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.8%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">France<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">China<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">2.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Saudi Arabia<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">United Kingdom<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.9%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">UAE<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">India<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.7%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Chile<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.6%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Argentina<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Uruguay<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.4%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Kazakhstan<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Uganda<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.1%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">0.0%<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">These values are estimates based on available data and may vary slightly depending on the source.<o:p></o:p></span></p><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">List of sovereign states by research and development spending</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This source provides information on R&D spending by country, including data from the World Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">R&D expenditure by country 2022</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This source from Statista provides detailed statistics on R&D spending by country, including health and technology sectors.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">How much does your country invest in R&D?</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This UNESCO source provides data on R&D spending as a percentage of GDP and in purchasing power parity dollars.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2024</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This Congressional Research Service report provides detailed information on federal R&D funding in the United States, including breakdowns by health, fundamental research, and defense-related research.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Federal R&D Funding, by Budget Function 2023-2025</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This National Science Foundation source provides data on federal budget authority for R&D by functional categories and agency.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Federal Research and Development R&D Funding: FY2023</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> - This Congressional Research Service report provides additional information on federal R&D funding in the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p style="line-height:15.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">From: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Friam <friam-bounces@redfish.com> on behalf of Santafe <desmith@santafe.edu><br><b>Date: </b>Saturday, February 8, 2025 at 1:51\u202fAM<br><b>To: </b>The Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee Group <friam@redfish.com><br><b>Subject: </b>Re: [FRIAM] So much for U.S. competitiveness<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Would be interesting to see a list of various categories of science funding per capita or per GDP for countries around the world. Situate the prospective US in this list. Will our society be like that of Kazakhstan? Or maybe like Uganda? Probably well below Uruguay or Argentina or Chile. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Want a direct visual image that can be delivered, about the style of day-to-day life that the mob is requesting for itself.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">On Feb 7, 2025, at 22:34, Marcus Daniels <marcus@snoutfarm.com> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/02/new-nih-policy-will-slash-support-money-to-research-universities/"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/02/new-nih-policy-will-slash-support-money-to-research-universities/</span></a><br><a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/02/white-house-budget-proposal-could-shatter-the-national-science-foundation/"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/02/white-house-budget-proposal-could-shatter-the-national-science-foundation/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">.- .-.. .-.. / ..-. --- --- - 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