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    <p>As we know, I'm of the school of thought that (techno) Utopian
      and Dystopian visions are two sides of the same coin:</p>
    <p><peak-oil></p>
    <blockquote>
      <p>I think peak oil (fossil-fuels) is a real thing, now matter how
        much we slide the timescale with innovative ways to suck harder
        or deeper and burn it more efficiently... and in particular the
        side-effect of saturating the atmo(bio)sphere with carbon
        particulates, polymers (e.g. microplastics) and molecules (COn,
        CH4, etc) and the myriad attendant not-very-healthy-to-most-life
        chloroflouros and Nitrous-this-n-thats and ... on and on.   We
        (in our technofuturist way) pretend we have maxwell demons or
        geni-rebottlers or pandora-box-refillers on the drawing boards
        which will do their work faster than entropy and in the
        particular techno-industrial concentrated-energy-fueled version
        thereof.   <br>
      </p>
      <p>Fossil fuels made us into an incredibly energy-hungry/wasteful
        society...   I'm a fan of Switzerland's (nominal) 2000W society
        (aspiration), although the human *animal's* basal metabolic rate
        is <100W avg and peaks at 200-300W (burst performance
        athlete).   The the nominal consumption for the western world is
        EU (5k) and US (10k) of which a big part from the infrastructure
        and other "hidden" sources like transport of food/goods across
        the planet for our appetite and convenience.   The "global
        south" is considered to make it on 500-1500W.   8B humans at
        "subsistence" would demand 8tW continuous and at US rates, 80tW
        continuous.   </p>
      <p>I haven't resolved this against DaveW's numbers but I take his
        to be order-of-magnitude accurate on principle.  As we add
        supersonic and orbital-vacation transport I suspect we might
        jack that another 10X...   not to (even) mention power-hungry
        crypto/AI demands?   GPT (ironic no?) helped me guestimate
        40w/user (engaged) continuous *currently*.  A significant
        fraction of a carbon-frugal "budget" and a measurable plus-up on
        our gluttonous US (and even EU or CH) versions?   <br>
      </p>
    </blockquote>
    <p></peak-oil></p>
    <p><EV-enthusiasm><br>
    </p>
    <blockquote>
      <p>I'm a big fan/early adopter (tinkerer really) of "electric
        vehicles" and renewable energy, but the numbers just don't
        work.   I was hypermiling my Honda CRX (fit my oversized frame
        like a slipper or roller skate) long before there were viable
        production electrics or hybrids.  I had  the back half of a
        donor CRX ready to receive the rear differential of a miata or
        rx7 (same stance, similar suspension mounts) with a 90's
        brushless DC motor as well as a pair of VW cabriolets (running
        but one lame) as well for the same conception (early 2000s) when
        I scored a year1/gen1 Honda Insight (and a friend spun the CRX
        out in the rain)...  so I gave up on my hypermiling (70mpg RT to
        Los Alamos, power up, coast home) for thoughtful
        Insight-driving.   All three of these models were order 2k
        lbs.   Most vehicles are/were 3k-6klbs.</p>
      <p>Along came the Chevy Volt (2011) and in 2016 I picked one up
        which had been used up... or at least the hybrid battery (at
        166k miles).   A used (95k mile) battery and a lot of tech work
        and it was back to full function.    The VWs never broke 40mpg
        hypermiling, the CRX clocked 70mpg in ideal conditions, the
        Insight topped 50-55mpg with careful driving (hard to hypermile
        a CVT), and with the PHEV nature of the volt I can still pull
        >70mpg if I ignore the input from the grid.   The old battery
        is offering about 10kWh of capacity for a homestead scale PV I'm
        assembling from $.10/W used solar panels mainly to buffer for
        the PHEV charging.   Unfortunately the replacement Volt battery
        is finally getting lame and replacement is such a huge effort
        this 15 year old vehicle will go the way  of many other 200k
        mile plus vehicles.   I've backfilled with a low(er) mileage
        2014 Ford C-Max PHEV with only about 10 miles (compared to
        new-30 in the volt) PHEV which I'm getting roughly the same
        effective MPG (still ignoring the grid input).   I'm looking for
        a Gen2 Volt which had 50mile EV-only range (otherwise very
        similar to Gen1) as I might move *all* my semi-local miles to
        Electric (and supply them with used PV staged through the
        upcycled EV batteries?).</p>
      <p>FWIW, the anti-EV stories about the extra weight yielding
        accelerated brake/tire wear is specious in my experience.  My
        *driving habits* in an EV (or hypermiled conventional/hybrid)
        obviate excess tire wear (no spinouts, no
        uber-accelleration/braking) and even a thoughtless driver likely
        gets more from regenerative braking than any excess weight
        abuse...   I also claim that being MPG/consumption attunes my
        driving habits to fewer/shorter/slower trips.   I have owned a
        few gas-guzzling vehicles in my life, including one I commuted
        too far in for a while... the 32 gallon tank convolved with
        peaking gas prices and a 60 mile RT commute that year should
        have warned me off...  but instead I just closed my eyes and ran
        my plastic through the card reader 1.5 times per week... my
        housing cost differential paid the bill but without regard to
        the planet.  I did give over to a carpool in a 30mpg vehicle
        (shared 3 ways) for a while which really beat the 15mpg 1-person
        I was doing otherwise.   I went through a LOT more tire rubber
        and brake pads in that context than I ever did in years of
        hybrid/EV ownership.  Did I say specious?  Or at least
        apples-orangatans?<br>
      </p>
    </blockquote>
    <p></EV-enthusiasm>   <br>
    </p>
    <p><Alt/Transport ideation><br>
    </p>
    <blockquote>
      <p>I also have my 750W (foldable) eBike which is (currently)
        impractical to me (closest services 10 miles of 4 lane) for
        anything but recreation/exercise and a 300W lower-body
        exoskeleton, each of which has much better "mpg" in principle
        (esp eBike) when hybridized with human calorie-to-kinetic
        conversion.  I've a friend (10 years my senior) whose
        e-Recumbent-trike with similar specs is his primary mode of
        utility transport (under 20 miles RT).  <br>
      </p>
      <p>All that said, I don't think electromotifying 4-6klb hunks of
        steel and glass with environmental control suitable for 0F-120F
        comfort for 4+ people while traveling at 60+mph and making 0-60
        accellerations in under 6 seconds  is really a viable strategy
        for the 8B folks on the planet we want to sell them to.   Esp
        with a useful lifetime of <15 years?(planned obselescence
        aside?).   Maybe robo-taxi/rideshare versions in the context of
        (mostly) walkable cities (nod to JennyQ) and public transport
        and general local/regionalism is (semi) viable.  <br>
      </p>
    </blockquote>
    <p></Alt-Transport ideation></p>
    <p><Local/Regionalism><br>
    </p>
    <blockquote>
      <p> I've got strawberry plants making me (from compost and
        sunlight) fewer berries in a season than I just bought at the
        grocery imported from MX for <$3 (on sale)...  and my while I
        wait for my 3-sister's plantings to produce a few months of
        carbs/protein at-best the modern fossil-fuel/pollution global
        marketplace offers me the same for probably several tens of
        dollars?   As a seed-saving, composter with a well (that could
        be pumped by solar but isn't) my impact on planetary boundaries
        could be nil to positive... but it is hard to scale this up even
        for myself, much less proselytize and/or support my neighbors in
        matching me.   I cut Jeff Bezos off from my direct support (via
        Amazon purchases) when he aligned himself with the other
        TechBros aligning with the Orange Tyrant, so I may well have
        reduced my manufacturing/transport appetite/consumption a little
        (small amounts of that appetite moved to local traditional
        store-forward versions as well as direct-mail purchases from
        non-Amazon/big-box distributors).</p>
    </blockquote>
    <p></Local-Regionalism></p>
    <p><TechnoUtopianism></p>
    <blockquote>
      <p>I am a reformed technoUtopian...  I grew up on "good
        old-fashioned future" science fiction (starting with scientific
        romances from the early industrial age) and studied and
        practiced my way into a science education and a technical
        career/lifestyle and wanted to believe for the longest time that
        we could always kick the can down the road a little
        harder/smarter/further each time and/or just "drive faster".  
        And we are doing that somewhat effectively *still*, but in my
        many decades I've got more time glancing in the rear-view mirror
        to see the smoking wreckage behind us, as well as over the
        horizon to see how many of the negative consequences of our
        actions land on other folks who never came close to enjoying the
        benefits of that "progress".   I guess that means this erstwhile
        libertarian has become a "self-loathing liberal".</p>
      <p>Or a convert to the Buddhist ideal of "Skillful Means"?</p>
    </blockquote>
    <p></TechnoUtopianism><br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/1/25 10:10 AM, Marcus Daniels
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I think you
            are underestimating how much progress has been made with
            batteries in recent years.<br>
            California has large solar resources, and it is not unusual
            that during the day the whole grid is powered by solar. 
            Here is from last week.  Note the huge surge of battery
            usage in the evening.   Tens of gigawatts of generation
            power are planned for offshore wind too.   <br>
            <br>
            Generally, though, I agree that much of the planet is
            completely addicted to oil, and there’s no technology that
            will yet handle air travel.  Hydrogen might work, but it
            will take time.  <br>
            <br>
            The way to break an addiction is to have the addict hit rock
            bottom.  <br>
            <br>
            There need to be some scary climate events.  The prices for
            energy need to increase before people change their ways. 
            Redirecting energy into AI is one way to bring that to
            fruition.  <br>
            <br>
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><img
              style="width:5.8958in;height:2.4583in"
              id="Picture_x0020_1"
              src="cid:part1.wHyY11xp.4kQpo8KW@swcp.com"
alt="A chart of different colors

Description automatically generated" class="" width="566" height="236"></span><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <div
style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span
                style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Friam
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:friam-bounces@redfish.com"><friam-bounces@redfish.com></a> on behalf of Prof David
              West <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:profwest@fastmail.fm"><profwest@fastmail.fm></a><br>
              <b>Date: </b>Sunday, June 1, 2025 at 8:27 AM<br>
              <b>To: </b><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:friam@redfish.com">friam@redfish.com</a> <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"><friam@redfish.com></a><br>
              <b>Subject: </b>Re: [FRIAM] Limits to Growth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Unfortunately,
              it is almost certain that there will never be enough
              'fossil fuel free power stations' to supply needed energy
              for electric vehicles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Data
              centers, driven in large part by AI demands and
              cryptocurrency will leave nothing left over.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Some
              numbers:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Three
              Mile Island, which is being recommissioned to supply 
              power to a couple of Microsoft Data Centers, has a
              capacity of 7 Terawatt hours(T/w/h) per year.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In
              2022 data centers, globally, consumed 460 TWh, by 2026
              this is estimated to be  1,000 Twh. By 2040 projected
              demand is 2,000-3,000 TWh.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Crypto
              adds 100-150 TWh in 2022, 200-300 in 2030, and 400-600 in
              2040.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Nuclear
              is unlikely to provide more than 25% of this demand.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Between
              now and 2040, it will be necessary to build 100
              TMI-capacity nuclear plants to supply that 25%.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">If
              solar is to supply the other 75%, it will require between
              66,000 and 80,000 square miles of solar panels. (Don't
              know how many batteries, but the number is not trivial.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Wind
              power, for that 75%, will require 153,000 to 214,000
              turbines, each requiring 50-60 acres of space beneath
              them. (Also the problem of batteries.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">It
              takes 10-15 years to build a nuclear plant like TMI, have
              no idea now many dollars.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Neither
              solar nor wind, nor combined, can be installed fast enough
              to meet this demand and, again, have no idea of cost.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Nothing
              left over for cars, the lights in your home and office, or
              to charge your phone: unless, of course we continue to
              rely on oil (shale and fracking), natural gas, and coal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">davew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">On Sun,
              Jun 1, 2025, at 6:24 AM, Pieter Steenekamp wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt" id="qt">
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This is
                why I’m so excited about electric vehicles—I feel like a
                kid waiting for Christmas! Add clean fossil fuel free
                power stations into the mix, and voilà: abundant clean
                energy, no miracle inventions required. Just some clever
                tech and a whole lot of charging cables!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">On
                  Sun, 1 Jun 2025 at 12:57, Jochen Fromm <<a
                    href="mailto:jofr@cas-group.net"
                    moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jofr@cas-group.net</a>>
                  wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            </div>
            <blockquote
style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
              <div>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black">I
                    believe we all have a slighty distorted view because
                    we were all born long after industrialization has
                    started and have seen nothing but growth.
                    Industrialization started around 200 years ago in
                    Great Britain and spread shortly after to America
                    and Europe. First by exploiting coal and steam
                    engines, later by oil and petrol engines. Tanks,
                    warplanes, warships as well as normal cars, planes
                    and ships all consume oil.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black">Richard
                    Heinberg writes in his book "The End of Growth":
                    "with the fossil fuel revolution of the past century
                    and a half, we have seen economic growth at a speed
                    and scale unprecedented in all of human history. We
                    harnessed the energies of coal, oil, and natural gas
                    to build and operate cars, trucks, highways,
                    airports, airplanes, and electric grids - all the
                    esential features of modern industrial society.
                    Through the one-time-only process of extracting and
                    burning hundreds of millions of years worth of
                    chemically stored sunlight, we built what appeared
                    (for a brief, shining moment) to be a
                    perpetual-growth machine. We learned to take what
                    was in fact an extraordinary situation for granted.
                    It became normal [...] During the past 150 years,
                    expanding access to cheap and abundar fossil fuels
                    enabled rapid economic expansion at an average rate
                    of about three percent per year; economic planners
                    began to take this situain for granted. Financial
                    systems internalized the expectation of growth as a
                    promise of returns on investments."</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black"><a
href="https://richardheinberg.com/bookshelf/the-end-of-growth-book"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://richardheinberg.com/bookshelf/the-end-of-growth-book</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black">Heinberg
                    argues the time of cheap and abundant fossil fuels
                    has come to an end. There 1.5 billion cars in the
                    world which consume oil and produce CO2. Resources
                    are depleted while pollution and population have
                    reached all time highs. It is true that humans are
                    innovative and ingenious, especially in times of
                    scarcity, necessity and need, and we are able to
                    find replacements for depleted resources, but
                    Heinberg argues in his book "Peak Everything: that
                    "in a finite world, the number of possible
                    replacements is also finite". For example we were
                    able to replace the whale oil by petroleum, but
                    finding a replacement for petroleum is much harder.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black"><a
href="https://richardheinberg.com/bookshelf/peak-everything"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://richardheinberg.com/bookshelf/peak-everything</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black">Without
                    oil no army would move, traffic would cease, no
                    container or cruise ship would be able to go
                    anywhere and therefore international trade and
                    tourism would stop. On the bright side no more
                    plastic and CO2 pollution either. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black">In his
                    book "End of Growth" Heinberg mentions "transition
                    towns" as a path towards a more sustainable society
                    and an economy which is not based on fossil-fuels.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in"><span style="color:black"><a
href="https://donellameadows.org/archives/rob-hopkins-my-town-in-transition/"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://donellameadows.org/archives/rob-hopkins-my-town-in-transition/</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in">French author Victor Hugo wrote
                  200 years ago that "the paradise of the rich is made
                  out of the hell of the poor". If rich people start to
                  realize this and help to find a way to a more
                  sustainable, livable society it would be a start.<o:p></o:p></p>
                <p style="margin:0in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-J.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">--------
                      Original message --------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">From: Pieter
                      Steenekamp <<a
                        href="mailto:pieters@randcontrols.co.za"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">pieters@randcontrols.co.za</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Date: 5/31/25
                      5:46 AM (GMT+01:00)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">To: The
                      Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee Group
                      <<a href="mailto:friam@redfish.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">friam@redfish.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Subject: Re:
                      [FRIAM] Limits to Growth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I’ve
                        always loved the Simon-Ehrlich bet story—two
                        clever guys betting on the future of the planet.
                        Ehrlich lost the bet, but the debate still runs
                        circles today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a
href="https://ourworldindata.org/simon-ehrlich-bet"
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://ourworldindata.org/simon-ehrlich-bet</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This
                        article nails it: over the long term, prices
                        mostly go down, not up, as innovation kicks in.
                        We don’t "run out" of resources—we get better at
                        using them. Scarcity shifts, but human
                        creativity shifts faster.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The
                        Limits to Growth folks had good intentions, but
                        the real limit seems to be how fast we can adapt
                        and rethink. And so far, we’re doing okay—messy,
                        uneven, but okay.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Turns
                        out, betting against human ingenuity is the real
                        risky business.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">On
                        Fri, 30 May 2025 at 21:51, steve smith <<a
                          href="mailto:sasmyth@swcp.com"
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext">sasmyth@swcp.com</a>>
                        wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote
style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p>REC -<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <p>Very timely...  I did a deep dive/revisit (also
                        met the seminal work in college in the 70s) into
                        Limits to Growth and World3 before the Stockholm
                        workshop on Climate (and other existential
                        threats) Complexity Merle wrangled in 2019.... 
                        and was both impressed and disappointed.  
                        Rockstrom and folks were located right across
                        the water from us where we met but to my
                        knowledge didn't engage... their work was very
                        complementary but did not feel as relevant to me
                        then as it does now.<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <p>In the following interview, I felt he began to
                        address many of the things I (previously) felt
                        were lacking in their framework previoiusly.  It
                        was there all the time I'm sure, I just didn't
                        see it and I think they were not ready to talk
                        as broadly of implications 5 years ago as they
                        are now?<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <p><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6_3mOgvrN4"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6_3mOgvrN4</a><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </blockquote>
                      <p>Did anyone notice the swiss village inundated
                        by debris and meltwater from the glacier
                        collapse uphill?   Signs of the times or
                        "business as usual"?<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <p>- SAS<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:11.0pt">On 5/30/25 12:16
                            PM, Roger Critchlow wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt"><a
href="https://thenextwavefutures.wordpress.com/2025/05/20/limits-to-growth-was-right-about-overshoot-and-collapse-new-data/"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://thenextwavefutures.wordpress.com/2025/05/20/limits-to-growth-was-right-about-overshoot-and-collapse-new-data/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt">I remember the
                                Limits to Growth from my freshman year
                                in college.  Now Hackernews links to the
                                above in which some people argue that
                                we've achieved the predicted overshoot
                                for the business as usual scenario and
                                the subsequent collapse begins now. 
                                Enjoy the peak of human technological
                                development.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt">-- rec --<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                              style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                        </div>
                        <pre>.- .-.. .-.. / ..-. --- --- - . .-. ... / .- .-. . / .-- .-. --- -. --. / ... --- -- . / .- .-. . / ..- ... . ..-. ..- .-..<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Fridays 9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe   /   Thursdays 9a-12p Zoom <a
                        href="https://bit.ly/virtualfriam"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>to (un)subscribe <a
href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com"
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                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>FRIAM-COMIC <a
                        href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>archives:  5/2017 thru present <a
href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>  1/2003 thru 6/2021  <a
                        href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/"
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                      </blockquote>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">.- .-.. .-.. / ..-.
                          --- --- - . .-. ... / .- .-. . / .-- .-. ---
                          -. --. / ... --- -- . / .- .-. . / ..- ... .
                          ..-. ..- .-..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM Applied
                          Complexity Group listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">Fridays 9a-12p Friday
                          St. Johns Cafe   /   Thursdays 9a-12p Zoom <a
                            href="https://bit.ly/virtualfriam"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">to (un)subscribe <a
href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com"
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                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM-COMIC <a
                            href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">archives:  5/2017
                          thru present <a
href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt">  1/2003 thru 6/2021 
                          <a href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    </div>
                  </blockquote>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">.-
                    .-.. .-.. / ..-. --- --- - . .-. ... / .- .-. . /
                    .-- .-. --- -. --. / ... --- -- . / .- .-. . / ..-
                    ... . ..-. ..- .-..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM
                    Applied Complexity Group listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Fridays
                    9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe   /   Thursdays 9a-12p
                    Zoom <a href="https://bit.ly/virtualfriam"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">to
                    (un)subscribe <a
href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM-COMIC
                    <a href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">archives: 
                    5/2017 thru present <a
href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> 
                    1/2003 thru 6/2021  <a
                      href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">.- .-..
                .-.. / ..-. --- --- - . .-. ... / .- .-. . / .-- .-. ---
                -. --. / ... --- -- . / .- .-. . / ..- ... . ..-. ..-
                .-..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM
                Applied Complexity Group listserv<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Fridays
                9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe   /   Thursdays 9a-12p
                Zoom <a href="https://bit.ly/virtualfriam"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://bit.ly/virtualfriam</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">to
                (un)subscribe <a
href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">FRIAM-COMIC <a
                  href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">archives: 
                5/2017 thru present <a
href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">  1/2003
                thru 6/2021  <a href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">.- .-.. .-.. / ..-. --- --- - . .-. ... / .- .-. . / .-- .-. --- -. --. / ... --- -- . / .- .-. . / ..- ... . ..-. ..- .-..
FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv
Fridays 9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe   /   Thursdays 9a-12p Zoom <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://bit.ly/virtualfriam">https://bit.ly/virtualfriam</a>
to (un)subscribe <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com">http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com</a>
FRIAM-COMIC <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/">http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/</a>
archives:  5/2017 thru present <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/">https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/</a>
  1/2003 thru 6/2021  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/">http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
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