[FRIAM] Abduction

[Eric Charles]

I think Peirce is getting at something a bit different. When Peirce is on
good behavior, he is laying out The World According to The Scientist. When
a Scientist says that some claim is "true" she means that future studies
will continue to support the claim. Perhaps even a bit more than that, as
she means all investigations that could be made into the claim would
support the claim, whether they happen or not. Peirce also tells us that
"real" is our funny way of talking about the object of a true belief. *If *"I
believe X" is a statement about a *true *belief, *then *future
investigations will not reveal anything contradicting X, and... as a simple
matter of definition... X is real.

When Peirce is first getting started, he seems to think that you could work
that logic through with just about any claim (and either find confirmation
or not). Did my aunt Myrtle screw up the salad dressing recipe back on June
1st, 1972? Maybe we could descend upon that question using the scientific
method and figure it out! Why rule out that future generations could find a
method to perform the necessary studies?

However, at some later point, I think Peirce really starts to get deeper
into his notion of the communal activity of science, as embodied by his
beloved early chemists. Did the honorable Mr. Durston really succeed in
isolating oxygen that one winter day, by exposing water to electricity
under such and such circumstances? Isn't that the thing Scientists argue
over? Well, it might be the type of thing people argue over, but is has
little to do with the *doing *of science. Individual events are simply not
the type of thing that scientists actually converge to agreement about
using the scientific method; the type of thing they converge upon is an
agreement over whether or not the described procedures contain some crucial
aspect that would be necessary to claim the described result. "Water" as an
abstraction of sorts, under certain abstract circumstances, with an
abstracted amount of electricity applied, will produce some (abstract)
result. And by "abstract" I mean "not particular".  Scientists aren't
arguing over whether some exact flow of electrons, applied in this exact
way, will turn this exact bit of water into some exact bit of gas. They
want to know if a flow of electrons with some properties, applied in a
principled fashion, will turn water-in-general into some predictable amount
of gas-with-particular-properties. We can tell this when things go wrong:
Were it found that some bit of water worked in a unique seeming way, the
scientists would descend upon it with experimental methods until they found
something about the water that allowed them to make an abstract claim
regarding water of such-and-such type.

I suspect most on this list would agree, at least roughly, with what is
written above.

Now, however, we must work our way backwards:
*  The types of beliefs about which a community of Scientists coverage upon
are abstractions,
*  the scientists converge upon those beliefs because the evidence bears
them out,
*  that the evidence bears out an idea is what we mean when we claim the
object of an idea is real.
*  Thus, at least for The Scientist, the only things that are "real" are
abstractions.

In the very, very long run of intellectual activity, the ideas that are
stable are ideas about abstractions, which means that the object of those
ideas, the abstractions themselves, must be "real."

(I feel like that was starting to get repetitive. I'll stop.)


-----------
Eric P. Charles, Ph.D.
Supervisory Survey Statistician
U.S. Marine Corps
<echarles at american.edu>


On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 3:38 PM Prof David West <profwest at fastmail.fm>
wrote:

> Nick,
>
> Alas, I was not present to hear the inchoate discussion. Please allow me
> to do some deconstruction and speculation on what you might be asking about.
>
> Imagine a vertical line and assume, metaphorically, that this is a
> 'membrane' consisting of tiny devices that emit signals (electrical
> impulses) into that which we presume to be 'inside that membrane'. I am
> trying to abstract the common sense notion of an individual's 5 senses
> generating signals that go to the brain — without making too many
> assumptions about the signal generators and or the recipient of same.
>
> We tend to assume that the signal generators are not just randomly sending
> off signals. Instead we assume that somewhere on the left side of the line
> is a source of stimuli, each of which triggers a discrete signal generator
> which we rename as a sensor.
>
> First question: do you assume / assert / argue that the "source" of each
> stimulus (e.g. the Sun) and the means of conveying the stimulus (e.g. a
> Photon) are "Real?"
>
> Signals are generated at the membrane and sent off somewhere towards the
> right.
>
> Second question: do you assume a receiver of those signals, e.g. a
> 'brain-body', and do you assume / argue / assert that the receiving entity
> is "Real."
>
> If a signal is received by a brain-body and it reacts, e.g. a muscle
> contraction; there are least two possible assumptions you can make:
>
>    -  some sort of 'hard wiring' exists that routes the signal to a set of
> muscle cells which contract; and nothing has happened except the completion
> of a circuit. Or,
>    -  the signal is "interpreted" in some fashion and the response to it
> is at least quasi-voluntary. (Yogis and fakirs have demonstrated that very
> little of what most of us would assume to be involuntary reactions, are, in
> fact, beyond conscious control.)
>
> Third question: are both the 'interpretation' and the 'response' Real
> things?
>
> Depending on your answers, we might have a model of interacting "Real"
> things: Source, Stimulus, Membrane, Signal, Interpretation, and Response.
> Or, you might still wish to assert that all of these are "abstractions,"
> but if so, I really do not understand at all what you would mean by the
> term.
>
> But, you are an amenable chap and might assent to considering these things
> "Real" in some sense, so we can proceed.
>
> The next step would be to question the existence of some entity receiving
> the signals, effecting the interpretation, and instigating the response.
> Let's call it a Mind or Consciousness. [Please keep the frustrated
> screaming to a minimum.]
>
> It seems to me that this step is necessary, as it is only "inside" the
> mind that we encounter abstractions. The abstractions might be unvoiced
> behaviors — interpretations of an aggregate of stimuli as a "pattern" with
> a reflexive response, both of which were non-consciously learned, e.g.
> 'flight or fight'.  Or, they might be basic naming; simple assertions using
> the verb to-be; or complicated and convoluted constructs resulting from
> judicious, or egregious, application of induction, deduction, and abduction.
>
> Fourth question: are these in-the-mind abstractions "Real?"
>
> At the core, your question seems to be an ontological / metaphysical one.
> Are there two kinds of Thing: Real and Abstract? If so what criteria is
> used to define membership in the two sets? It seems like your anti-dualism
> is leading you to assert that there are not two sets, but one and that
> membership in that set is defined by some criteria/characteristic of
> 'abstract-ness'.
>
> Please correct my failings at discerning the true nature of your question.
>
> dave west
>
>
> On Thu, Dec 20, 2018, at 10:00 PM, Nick Thompson wrote:
>
> Hi, Everybody,
>
>
>
> Yes.  St. Johns Coffee Shop WILL be open this Friday.  And then, not again
> until the 3rd of January.  I am hoping Frank will have some ideas for
> what we do on the Friday between the two holidays.
>
>
>
> Attached please find the copy of an article you helped me write.  Thanks
> to all of you who listened patiently and probed insistently as I worked
> though the issues of this piece.
>
>
>
> I need help with another article I am working with.  Last week I found
> myself making, and defending against your uproarious laughter, the
> proposition that all real things are abstract.  Some of you were prepared
> to declare the opposite, No real things are abstract.  However, it was late
> in the morning and the argument never developed.
>
>
>
> I would argue the point in the following way:  Let us say that we go along
> with your objections and agree that “you can never step in the same river
> twice.”  This is to say, that what we call “The River” changes every time
> we step in it.  Wouldn’t it follow that any conversation we might have
> about The River is precluded?  We could not argue, for instance, about
> whether the river is so deep that we cannot cross o’er because there is no
> abstract fact, “The River” that connects my crossing with yours.
>
>
>
> Let’s say, then, that you agree with me that implicit in our discussions
> of the river is the abstract conception of The River.  But, you object,
> that we assume it, does not make it true.  Fair enough.  But why then, do
> we engage in the measurement of anything?
>
>
>
> I realize this is not everybody’s cup of tea for a conversation, but I
> wanted to put it on the table.
>
>
>
> Nick
>
>
>
> Nicholas S. Thompson
>
> Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Biology
>
> Clark University
>
> http://home.earthlink.net/~nickthompson/naturaldesigns/
>
>
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